No abstract

Given the continuous growth of illicit activities on the Internet, there is a need for intelligent systems to identify malicious web pages. It has been shown that URL analysis is an e↵ective tool for detecting phishing, malware, and other attacks. Previous studies have performed URL classification using a combination of lexical features, network tra c, hosting information, and other strategies. These approaches require time-intensive lookups which introduce significant delay in real-time systems. This paper describes a lightweight approach for classifying malicious web pages using URL lexical analysis alone. The goal is to explore the upper-bound of the classification accuracy of a purely lexical approach. Another aim is to develop an approach which could be used in a real-time system. These goal culminate in the development of a classification system based on lexical analysis of URLs. It correctly classifies URLs of malicious web pages with 99.1% accuracy, a 0.4% false positive rate, an F1-Score of 98.7, and requires 0.62 milliseconds on average. This method substantially outperforms previously published algorithms on out-of-sample data.

No abstract

Variable-angle filament-wound (VAFW) cylinders are herein optimized for minimum mass under manufacturing constraints, and for various design loads. A design parameterization based on a second-order polynomial variation of the tow winding angle along the axial direction of the cylinders is utilized to explore the nonlinear steering-thickness dependency in VAFW structures, whereby the thickness becomes a function of the fiber angle. Particle swarm optimization coupled with several Kriging-based metamodels is developed to find the optimum designs. A single-curvature Bogner-Fox-Schmit-Castro finite element is formulated to accurately and efficiently represent the variable stiffness properties of the shells, and verifications are performed using a general-purpose plate element. Alongside the main optimization studies, a vast analysis on the design space is performed using the metamodels, showing a gap in the design space for the buckling strength that is confirmed by genetic algorithm optimizations. Extreme lightweight whilst buckling resistant designs are found, along with non-conventional optimum layouts thanks to the high degree of thickness build-up tailoring.

No abstract