The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in preventing inoculation of periapical tissue with contaminated patency files. Fifty single-rooted teeth with single canals were used in the study. They were randomly divided into five groups of which two were experimental groups, two positive controls, and one negative control group. After root canal preparation, teeth in Group I (experimental) were filled with 2.5 NaOCl and #15 stainless steel K-files contaminated with Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC# 10556) were allowed to pass through the root canal into the culture medium and cultured. Teeth in Group II (experimental) were also filled with NaOCl, but contaminated files used in this group were immersed in 2.5% NaOCl for 10 s prior to being placed in the canal. The negative control used sterile files pass through 2.5% NaOCl into the culture medium. The first positive control used contaminated patency files in teeth with saline. The second positive control group placed contaminated files into broth next to teeth filled with NaOCl (to evaluate potential chlorine leakage). The results were as follows. Both the experimental groups and the negative control group showed no growth. Both the positive control groups 100% growth for S. sanguis. This indicates that the NaOCl present in the canal after irrigation was sufficient to kill the test organism.

Background: Calcium silicate-based cements or bioceramics have revolutionized and simplified pulp-capping procedures due to its versatility and accessibility. Aim: This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of a bioceramic material to composite resin at two aging periods and with three universal adhesives. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight samples of Biodentine with a height of 2 mm and internal diameter of 4 mm were prepared. After 12 min of mixing, 24 samples were randomly selected and divided into four subgroups: Group I: Single Bond Universal, Group II: Palfique Universal Bond, Group III: G-Premio BOND, and Group IV: Control. Composite resin was restored over Biodentine after the application of universal adhesives using a cylindrical plastic mold of 2 mm height and 2 mm internal diameter. This process was repeated 24 h after mixing on the remaining 24 samples of Biodentine. The universal testing machine was used to measure the SBS of the fractured specimens, followed by stereomicroscopic evaluation. One-way ANOVA test and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to statistically analyze the data. Results: Highest SBS values were observed in Group III at 12 min and 24 h of the setting of Biodentine. Conclusions: Compared to the 12-min group, SBS was higher at 24 h. Group III exhibited higher bond strength than other subgroups.

A BSTRACT Various pharmacological agents are known to create an imbalance in the normal physiology of bone remodeling. Cyclosporine-A (Cs-A) is one of the drugs that is widely used in transplantation and has its main side effect as gingival hyperplasia and alveolar bone loss by their action on the inflammatory mediators. Bisphosphonates are a new class of drugs that inhibit bone resorption by decreasing the osteoclast activity and number. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concomitant administration of alendronate on Cs-A-induced alveolar bone loss in a rat model.