It is an interesting time in the history of mycotic keratitis with a lot of positive developments. Molecular methods will help improved diagnosis and clinico-therapeutic correlation. Drug delivery devices with superior pharmacokinetics are on horizon.

Endophthalmitis prevention is at an interesting crossroad. Although there is hesitation the intracameral injection of antibiotics is increasingly being adopted by physicians, which is likely to grow further with commercial availability of formulations. However, it will be important to be cautious and report all adverse reactions associated with this practice.

A 75-year-old man presented with a slowly growing mass at the right side of the base of the tongue for 4 months. The mass was painless initially but had become very painful during preceding 4 weeks. On examination a 3 cm diameter, oval swelling was observed at the right side of the base of the tongue. It was firm in consistency, slightly tender, non-ulcerative, and with irregular surface. A deep incisional biopsy was taken from mass under general anesthesia. Histopathology report identified the mass consistent with neurofibroma. It featured typical pallisading arrangement of fascicles of spindle-shaped cells and there was no evidence of malignancy. An absence of Verocay body and thick hyalinized vessels ruled out Schwannoma. No similar lesions were found in any other part of the patient's body. He exhibited no skin pigmentation, no hearing deficit, and no evidence suggestive of any systemic disorders that might have been attributable to the tongue base neurofibroma. His family history was also negative. Thus, a diagnosis of isolated neurofibroma of the tongue was established. The patient was advised excision of the mass but he refused and lost in follow up.

Background:Functional brace application for isolated humeral shaft fracture persistently yields good results. Nonunion though uncommon involves usually the proximal third shaft fractures. Instead of polyethylene bivalve functional brace four plaster sleeves wrapped and molded with little more proximal extension expected to prevent nonunion of proximal third fractures. Periodic compressibility of the cast is likely to yield a better result. This can be applied on the 1st day of the presentation as an outpatient basis. Comprehensive objective scoring system befitting for fracture humeral shaft is a need.Materials and Methods:Sixty six (male = 40, female = 26) unilateral humeral shaft fractures of mean age 34.4 years (range 11–75 years) involving 38 left and 28 right hands were included in this study during April 2008 to December 2012. Fractures involved proximal (n = 18), mid (n = 35) and distal (n = 13) of humerus. Transverse, oblique, comminuted and spiral orientations in 18, 35 and 13 patients respectively. One had segmental fracture and three had a pathological fracture with cystic bone lesion. Mechanisms of injuries as identified in this study were road traffic accidents 57.6% (n = 38), fall 37.9% (n = 25). 12.1% (n = 8) had radial nerve palsy 7.6% (n = 5) had Type I open fracture. Four plaster strips of 12 layers and 5–7.5 cm broad depending on the girth of arm were prepared. Arm was then wrapped with single layer compressed cotton. Lateral and medial strips were applied and then after molding anterior and posterior strips were applied in such a way that permits full elbow range of motion and partial abduction of the shoulder. Care was taken to prevent adherence of one strip with other except in the proximal end. Limb was then put in loose collar and cuff sling intermittently allowing active motion of the elbow ROM and pendular movement of the shoulder. Weekly tightening of the cast by fresh layers of bandage over the existing cast brace continued.Results:The results were assessed using 100 point scoring system where union allotted 30 points and 60 points allotted for angulations (10), elbow motion (10), shoulder abduction (10), shortening (5), rotation (5), absence of infection (10), absence of nerve palsy during treatment (10). Remaining 10 points were allotted for five items with two points each. They were the absence of skin sore, absence of vascular problem, absence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), recovery of paralyzed nerve during injury and recovery of paralyzed nerve during treatment. Results were considered excellent with 90 and above, good with 80–89, fair with 70–79 and poor below 70 point. Results at 6 months were excellent in 43.94% (n = 29), good in 42.42% (n = 28), fair in 9.1% (n = 6), poor in 4.55% (n = 3). Union took place in 98.48% (n = 65) with an average of 10.3 weeks (range 6–16 weeks). 87.5% (n = 7) paralyzed radial nerve recovered. All wounds healed. Four patients had transient skin problem. One patient with mid shaft fracture had nonunion due to the muscle interposition.Conclus...