Over the past years, the high generation of municipal solid waste has been identified as a considerable global environmental issue, due to population growth, economic development, and the industrial revolution. The present research study was conducted to evaluate the quantity, ingredients, and generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Pshdar district during winter and summer in 2019. The results revealed that the average of solid waste production in the district reached 94 tons/day and 0.761kg-capita/day. The most abundant MSW constituents are organic matter forming 75.71% of MSW of the district, followed by 13.18% of plastic content and the least ingredient is metal 0.93%. While the average ratio of paper and cardboard, textile and leather, and glass waste ingredients are 3.74%, 4.85%, and 1.66% respectively. The seasonal effect on solid waste content has been observed obviously in this research, more specifically in organic matter and textile & leather, as well as in waste generation rate. Organic matter increased from 70.73% to 80.68% from winter to summer, while, percentage of textile and leather significantly declined from 6.93% to 2.76% from winter to summer. Similarly, waste generation rate was reduced from wet to dry season from 0.846kg-cap/day to 0.676kg-cap/day.

In the beginning of 21st Century, Social Media developed and influenced on all aspects of modern lifestyle. Nowadays, Social Media is not only an entertainment and social networking tool, but also can be supposed as a way of linking different businesses, marketing, management, construction industry. Furthermore, it provides a framework for people around the world to interconnect, share information, and interrelate with each other. This study includes an investigation about the effects of Social Media on engineering related tasks, for this purpose, a questionnaire survey was performed for engineers with different gender, ages, and engineering status. Kurdistan Region-Iraq is the case study of this survey, the results of this study reveal that Social Media is one of the mostly used by engineers. It is also illustrated that Google, YouTube and Facebook are the mostly used platforms.

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Municipal solid waste can be considered as one of the significant environmental issues in worldwide, as a result of industrial revolution, economic development and overpopulation. The current study focused on seasonal variation of solid waste production and composition. The study was conducted during winter and summer seasons in 2019. Solid waste samples were collected from the collector trucks from eight different zones in Ranya district. The results revealed that the average of total solid waste generation in the district estimated as (286.9 tons/day) and (1.108 kg-capita/days). The analysis of the waste content detected that the largest portion of the district solid waste is organic material which forming an average of 67.05%. Followed by cloth & textile, plastic, paper & cardboards, metal and glass, which their quantities are 11.93%, 8.19%, 7.12%, 3.05% and 2.65% respectively. The seasonal variation impacts on solid waste has been preserved obviously in this research study, more specifically in metal, glass and organic waste contents, which their quantities increased substantially from wet to dry season, (6.2 to 11.61 tons/day), (6.26 to 9.07 tons/day) and (177.5 to 207.62 tons/day) respectively. Moreover, the total generated solid waste magnitude of the district picked up changed from 268.37tones/day for wet season to 305.44tones/day for dry season.

Geotechnical map is a vital guidance to visualize the behavior of soils. The objective of this paper is to present the geotechnical maps that can be used for preliminary investigation in Ranya city of northern Iraq. The study area is 13.02 km2 with latitude and longitude of 36°15'14" N 44°52'59" E, respectively. A total number of 116 boreholes with the depth up to 5.0 m were utilized to create allowable bearing capacity, particle size, and Atterberg limit maps. Kriging interpolation tool in the ArcGIS software was used to analyze the soil properties data and to achieve the maps. The appraisal study area was divided into three layers 0.5-1.5, 1.5-3.0, and 3.0-5.0 m and the results show the average bearing capacity of 112.2, 168.5, and 244.2 kN/m2 sequentially. Moreover, Particle size distribution’s results illustrate that gravel percentage increases in the deeper layers, while fines content decreases with no significant change of sand content. In addition, very high bearing capacity areas were mostly found in the southern and northern parts of the studied area. However, the eastern area represents the area with the minimum bearing capacity where it gradually increases toward the west. Furthermore, the liquid limit and plasticity index reduce from the north to south with an increase in depth of the layers from 3.0-5.0 m. The highest liquid limit value is observed in the depth of 1.5-3.0 m.