AbstrakMetode perbanyakan in vitro tanaman akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides) secara efektif telah dikembangkan pada penelitian ini. Beberapa variasi media digunakan untuk inisiasi dan multiplikasi tunas. Pembentukan tunas dapat diinisiasi dari eksplan crown yang dikulturkan pada medium MS dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh Benzyladenine (BA) 2 mgL -1 . Sedangkan untuk multiplikasi tunas, konsentrasi BA yang efektif dalam media adalah 3 mgL -1 , dengan rata-rata jumlah tunas yang terbentuk sebesar 126 tunas/eksplan. Penggunaan BA konsentrasi tinggi (3-5 mgL -1 ) pada media multiplikasi dapat memacu terbentuknya lebih banyak tunas, namun tunas yang dihasilkan lebih pendek. Sebaliknya, penggunaan BA dengan konsentrasi rendah (1-2 mgL -1 ) pada media multiplikasi menghasilkan lebih sedikit tunas, tetapi tunas yang dihasilkan lebih panjang. Regenerasi planlet diperoleh dengan menginduksi akar pada tunas pada media MS yang ditambah dengan zat pengatur tumbuh NAA 1 mgL -1 . Tanaman in vitro akar wangi telah berhasil ditumbuhkan pada media tanah di bawah kondisi rumah kaca. Dengan menggunakan metode di atas, maka dimungkinkan perbanyakan bibit akar wangi secara massal melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Kata kunci-Vetiveria zizanioides, in vitro, inisiasi dan multiplikasi tunas, regenerasi plantlet, AbstractIn vitro propagation method for vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) had been effectively developed in this study. Several variations of media were used for shoot initiation and multiplication. Shoot formation was initiated from crown explant cultured on MS media with the addition of 2 mgL -1 of growth regulator Benzyladenine (BA). Whereas for shoot multiplication, 3 mgL -1 of BA was evidently effective with the average shoot number was 126 shoots per explant. The application of high BA concentration (3-5 mgL -1 ) in multiplication media was capable of inducing more shoots, but the shoots resulted were shorter. In contrast, multiplication media supplemented with low BA concentration (1-2 mgL -1 ) yielded less shoots, but the shoots were longer. Plantlet regeneration was accomplished by inducing roots in the shoots yielded on MS media containing 1 mgL -1 growth regulator NAA. In vitro plants of vetiver had been successfully grown on soil media under greenhouse condition. By using foregoing method, it is possible to conduct mass propagation of vetiver through tissue culture technique.

ABSTRAKMetode pembuatan preparat kromosom yang tepat memudahkan dalam penghitungan jumlah kromosom, terutama untuk analisis tingkat ploidi tanaman. Bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) merupakan tanaman yang jumlah kromosomnya sulit dihitung karena kromosomnya panjang dan sulit berpisah ketika di-squash. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hidroksiquinolin pada pembuatan preparat kromosom akar dan kalus bawang putih. Pembuatan preparat dilakukan melalui tahapantahapan yaitu fiksasi dengan larutan Farmer, perendaman dalam hidroksiquinolin selama 1 jam, hidrolisis dengan HCl 1N selama 2 menit pada suhu 60°C, perendaman dalam Carnoy selama 30 menit, dan pewarnaan dengan aceto orcein 1% selama 20 menit. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pemberian hidroksiquinolin selama 1 jam setelah perendaman dalam larutan fiksatif dan sebagai kontrol adalah pembutan preparat tanpa pemberian hidroksiquinolin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pembuatan preparat melalui perendaman dengan hidroksiquinolin selama 1 jam setelah fiksasi dapat menghasilkan kromosom dengan warna yang tajam dan kontras serta menghasilkan pemisahan kromosom yang tegas, baik pada kalus maupun ujung akar bawang putih.Kata kunci : akar, bawang putih, hidroksiquinolin, kalus, kromosom ABSTRACTThe effective method in making chromosome prepararation was able to count the number of chromosome easier, especially for analysis the ploidy level in plants. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the plants that the chromosome is difficult to be counted because their chromosomes are long and difficult to spread during the squashing. This research was to find out the effect of hydroxiquinoline on making chromosome preparation of root and callus in garlic. The steps of making chromosome preparation were fixation in Farmer's fluid, put in hydroxiquinoline for an hour, hydrolysis in 1N HCl for two minutes at 60°C, put in Carnoy for 30 minutes, and stained in 1% aceto orcein for 20 minutes. The treatment were gift hydroxiquinoline for an hour after put in fixative fluid and the control were making preparation without gift hydroxiquinoline. The result of this research suggest that the method of making preparation by treatment with hydroxiquinoline for an hour after fixation produced the chromosomes that the stain were sharp and contrast, and also it produced well spread chromosomes that were clearly defined of both callus and root tip in garlic.Keywords : Allium sativum L., Hydroxiquinoline, callus, chromosome, root PENDAHULUANPembuatan preparat dengan metode squash melalui berbagai modifikasi metode telah dilaporkan. Dalam aplikasinya, metode-metode tersebut melibatkan agen kimia dan fisika yang diberikan sebelum bahan difiksasi atau pretreatment. Suatu metode pembuatan preparat kromosom yang tepat dapat menghasilkan pewarnaan kromosom yang jelas dan pemisahan kromosom yang baik, sehingga memudahkan dalam penghitungan jumlah

The aims of this research were to evaluate the effect of explant types and several kinetin concentrations on in vitro induction and growth of callus vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash). Crown and tiller of vetiver were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) media supplemented with combination of 2,4-D 0.75 ppm and several kinetin concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) ppm. The induction and growth of callus were influenced by type of explant and concentration of kinetin. Formation and growth of callus on tiller explant were faster than crown explant. Callus on tiller explant were formed one week after culture, while callus from crown explant were formed at four weeks after culture. Callus growth on tiller explant also was better than crown explant. Eight weeks after culture, callus fresh weight from tiller explant was 0.35 ± 0.09 g, while callus fresh weight from crown explant was only 0.16 ± 0.08 g. The addition of kinetin in the medium combined with 2,4-D was able to increase callus growth and the optimum concentration of kinetin used was 0.5 ppm. The addition of kinetin more than 0.5 ppm in the medium decreased the callus fresh weight.

AbstrakMetode perbanyakan in vitro tanaman akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides) secara efektif telah dikembangkan pada penelitian ini. Beberapa variasi media digunakan untuk inisiasi dan multiplikasi tunas. Pembentukan tunas dapat diinisiasi dari eksplan crown yang dikulturkan pada medium MS dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh Benzyladenine (BA) 2 mgL -1 . Sedangkan untuk multiplikasi tunas, konsentrasi BA yang efektif dalam media adalah 3 mgL -1 , dengan rata-rata jumlah tunas yang terbentuk sebesar 126 tunas/eksplan. Penggunaan BA konsentrasi tinggi (3-5 mgL -1 ) pada media multiplikasi dapat memacu terbentuknya lebih banyak tunas, namun tunas yang dihasilkan lebih pendek. Sebaliknya, penggunaan BA dengan konsentrasi rendah (1-2 mgL -1 ) pada media multiplikasi menghasilkan lebih sedikit tunas, tetapi tunas yang dihasilkan lebih panjang. Regenerasi planlet diperoleh dengan menginduksi akar pada tunas pada media MS yang ditambah dengan zat pengatur tumbuh NAA 1 mgL -1 . Tanaman in vitro akar wangi telah berhasil ditumbuhkan pada media tanah di bawah kondisi rumah kaca. Dengan menggunakan metode di atas, maka dimungkinkan perbanyakan bibit akar wangi secara massal melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Kata kunci-Vetiveria zizanioides, in vitro, inisiasi dan multiplikasi tunas, regenerasi plantlet, AbstractIn vitro propagation method for vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) had been effectively developed in this study. Several variations of media were used for shoot initiation and multiplication. Shoot formation was initiated from crown explant cultured on MS media with the addition of 2 mgL -1 of growth regulator Benzyladenine (BA). Whereas for shoot multiplication, 3 mgL -1 of BA was evidently effective with the average shoot number was 126 shoots per explant. The application of high BA concentration (3-5 mgL -1 ) in multiplication media was capable of inducing more shoots, but the shoots resulted were shorter. In contrast, multiplication media supplemented with low BA concentration (1-2 mgL -1 ) yielded less shoots, but the shoots were longer. Plantlet regeneration was accomplished by inducing roots in the shoots yielded on MS media containing 1 mgL -1 growth regulator NAA. In vitro plants of vetiver had been successfully grown on soil media under greenhouse condition. By using foregoing method, it is possible to conduct mass propagation of vetiver through tissue culture technique.

The aim of this study was to identifiy the stomata morphological characters of Pteridophyta in the ​​Parangkikis Pagerwojo Waterfall area, Tulungagung. The first step of stomata observation was preparation of the abaxial leaf slice. The preparation was carried out by the replica method. Stomata character studied include types and size of stomata, the number of stomata and epidermis cells, and value of the stomatal index. The result of this study showed that stomata types of Pteridophyta were polocytic and anomocytic. Of the 15 Pteridophyta species observed, the all of stomata type were polocytic, except Selaginella which had type stomata anomocytic. Stomata oval was found in Selaginella intermedia and Phymatosorus sp., slightly oval (kidney) was found in Asplenium apogamum, Dryopteris sp., Asplenium normale, Nephrolepis bisserata, Nephrolepis davallioides, Asplenium nidus, and Pteris longipinnula sp., spherical was found in Dicranopteris linearis, Cyclosorus arida, Goniophlebium percussom, and Goniophlebium manmiense, and nonconcave was found in Coniogramme fraxinea. Stomata size affected the number of stomata. If the size of the stomata was small, the number of stomata was increasing. The highest number of stomata was found in D. linearis, which was 362, while the least number of stomata was S. intermedia, which was 18. Data on the number of stomata and epidermal cells were used to determine the stomatal index. The highest stomata index was found in D. linearis, which was 22.05% and the lowest was C. fraxinea, which was 5.44 %.   Keywords: Anomocytic, Parangkikis, polocytic, Pteridophyta, stomata