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Effects of eight different potting media compositions on growth and flowering traits of Calendula was studied. Among different media compositions, T5 have positive effect on root length (18.33 cm), number of leaves (62.77) and number of branches (9.12) per plant while T3 was found to be best for root spread (14.10 cm) and plant spread (22.67 cm). Calendula plants raised in T5 exhibited maximum (6.10 cm) flower diameter and flower bud diameter (1.40 cm), took minimum days (66.39) for flower bud initiation and also for flower bud opening (74 days). Maximum number of flower buds and flowers per plant were recorded in T2. The growth and flowering of Calendula was found superior in media composition of vermicompost and cocopeat. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 417-424, 2022 (September)

The use of different growing media offers a valuable alternative to the conventional use of soil for quality flower production due to their good water holding capacity, aeration and nutrient status. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomised Design with three replications in the years 2021–2022 to study the influence of different compositions of growing media [Soil, Sand, Vermicompost, Cocopeat, Vermiculite, Perlite and Leaf mould] in different ratios on the growth and development of pot mum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).The growing media compositions of cocopeat, vermicompost and leaf moulds improve the water retention and aeration of media. The results revealed vegetative growth with maximum plant height at first bud appearance, plant height at harvesting stage, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf biomass, average fresh weight of leaf, dry weight of root and flowering parameters with maximum flower longevity, flower diameter, number of flowers per plant, number of ray florets, average fresh weight of flower, flower yield per plant and vase life of flower in case of media composition of Cocopeat + Vermicompost + Leaf mould (2:1:1) among all the growing media compositions. The combination of cocopeat with vermicompost and leaf mould (2:1:1 v/v/v) was found best for lighter media weight, better plant morphological development and sustained quality flower production of pot mum.

With the increasing population of the world and the daily life demands supplied through industries and modern industrialized agricultural systems, the need for the preservation of ecosystems is increasing day by day. Many industrial processes result in large amounts of organic waste as well as inorganic contaminants that deteriorate food and water quality. Immediate measures to avoid the negative impact on the environment are necessary. The generation of large quantities of hazardous materials in the form of heavy metals, radioactive substances, phenolic compounds, and volatile organic chemicals has resulted in the requirement for new and environmentally safe methods for their elimination. In situ degradation of hazardous organic materials by microbes is often the most cost-effective clean-up approach. Biological treatment of these hazardous wastes is potentially effective, practical, and economical. Bioremediation is measured as one of the safer, cleaner, cost-effective, and eco-friendly technologies for decontaminating sites. It uses numerous agents such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, and higher plants as its main tools in treating oil spills, pesticides, radionuclides, polluted groundwater, and heavy metals existing in the environment. Currently, different methods and strategies are being applied in different parts of the world. Phytoextraction, biostimulation, fungal bioremediation, and rhizofiltration are some of the more common ones. Because of specific applications, all bioremediation techniques have their advantages and disadvantages.