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This study explores the increasing use of the concept of "transformational adaptation" (TA) in the context of agriculture, analyzing its conceptualization and applications. While TA is appealing as a concept that involves the implementation of adaptation actions in different ways through small adjustments from current technological and economic approaches, it also raises questions about the complexity of transforming agricultural systems. Although current scientific evidence finds some patterns of climate change impacts on agriculture in the future that can inform the analysis of where and when transformation is required, this evidence is not enough to fully inform practical decision-making at different scales. Part of the problem may be that there has been not enough empirical research focusing on transformational agriculture. For example, from 93 articles in the literature, 39% focus on understanding the concept of TA, 32% focus on analytical and applied aspects of TA, including studies applying global climate models to analyze TA at regional and global scales and to identify broad patterns of TA in agriculture, and only 16% have tried to understand TA from an empirical perspective. While the number of empirical studies of TA is still increasing, there are other issues of TA that have received limited attention, including uncertainty of climate change impacts, policy implications, the transition process, the role of technological innovations, and barriers to TA.

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Based on a primary survey conducted in India, this article examines the merits of crop insurance in adapting to the changing climate. However, lack of awareness and the complicated process of agricultural insurance were found to be major obstacles to the uptake of such schemes among small and marginal farmers. While crop insurance might help farmers at the household level, there is a need in developing countries like India to devise insurance schemes that take account of the long-term negative consequences of present adaptation practices.climate change and SP, and both have developed as separate disciplines in the last two decades despite their common features (Davies et al., 2009;Siddiqi, 2011).The question of how far agricultural insurance can fit into the agenda of SP has been less investigated. Based on a household survey of farmers in the Indian State of Odisha, this article examines how crop insurance can serve as a SP measure and facilitate farm-level household adaptation to climate change. Section 2 will discuss briefly the links between SP and climate-change adaptation and Section 3 discusses climate change and insurance. Section 4 reviews the issue of crop insurance from an Indian perspective. Section 5 outlines the study area and the methodology, followed by Section 6 on the results and Section 7 on the discussion.1. Under the scheme, insurance coverage is compulsory for all loanee farmers with loans from any bank for the notified crops in the notified area up to the full loan amount. However, it is optional for farmers without a loan.