Translation plays greater role in recent time. This phenomenon especially occurs in efforts of bridging meanings and expressions across two different languages or more. In such effort, certainly there should be good understanding toward both the source language and the target language. Unfortunately, the bridge often cannot be constructed well due to the problems of non-equivalence. Therefore, throughout the study the researchers would like to elaborate the techniques that might be used for constructing the bridge between the two languages and the problems that occur during the translation project. In conducting the study, the researchers would strive to translate a copy of presidential decree by applying the selected techniques and by analysing the problems that might appear. The copy of presidential decree had been selected because the copy might not have been available in other languages especially in English. In addition, foreign people and institutions need to learn the decree since they might be doing business that has been associated to the energy in Indonesia. During the study, the researchers applied three techniques and found four problems during the translation project. As conclusion, the researchers found that the three translation techniques have been supporting one to another and the translation problems have been related to the Indonesian culture since the language and culture are inseparable.

The focus of the study is to investigate: (1) how the context of the excellent class program of MTs MINAT Kesugihan contributes to the success of the program, (2) how the input of the excellent class program of MTs MINAT Kesugihan contributes to the success of the program, (3) how the process of the excellent class program of MTs MINAT Kesugihan contributes to the success of the program, (4) how the product of the excellent class (EC) Program of MTs MINAT Kesugihan contributes to the success of the program. The research method was a qualitative research design. The objects of this study were: the headmaster of MTs MINAT, the director of the excellent class program, the excellent class teachers, and the excellent class students. The data were obtained from interview, classroom observation, and document analysis. Those data were analyzed by using Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) Model by Kellaghan and Stufflebeam (2003). The findings revealed some facts. First, in the context evaluation, it can be concluded that the goal, vision, and missions of the EC Program are relevant and formulated in order to meet the students’ needs. Second, in term of input evaluation, the teacher did not fulfill the requirements of a qualified teacher yet. Therefore, it influenced the teaching learning process in which they could not teach effectively. Finally, it affected the product which has not been successful in achieving the minimum score in the National Exam for English. Thus, the researcher suggested the school to conduct a workshop or training for the teachers so that the teachers’ teaching skills would improve. As the consequence, the students’ achievement would be better too.

Research on experiential meaning breadth of bilingual analysis is rarely performed. The research aims at describing (1) the experiential meaning breadth variations of Alice in Wonderland English- Bahasa Indonesia movie texts, (2) the contextual factors that motivate the occurrence of meaning and realization variations, and (3) the contextual effects of the meaning and realization variations in question on the context in reference to the target readers of the texts. The research used descriptive qualitative approach to make the interpretation and the research findings. The data were taken from Alice in Wonderland (2010) movie texts then measured and validated in terms of quantitative research then analyzed through several steps: classifying the data into realized and unrealized expressions, classifying the data into the categories or degrees of variations, classifying the higher degree of each clause compared, giving number of clauses and their process type, contrasting each analysis result, and drawing conclusions. Research results indicate that the most prominent degree of experiential meaning breadth variations falls into the “lowest” category of variation with 57.54%. This means that the Target Text is closely related to the Source Text and/ or the translator of Target Text applied source- based translation as regards experiential meaning breadth complexity. It is also strengthened by the average degree in each of the analysis falling in “very low” category. The contextual factors that motivate the occurrence of the variations consist of inter- textual and situational context (field, mode, and tenor). The contextual effects in reference to the target readers are related to two aspects; the readability and the purpose of creating the texts. The Target Text is readable for the target readers of the text, target readers feel entertained by interpreting the text. The purpose for creating the Target Texts is for education and gives effects for the target readers to enrich their vocabularies and improve their English skills.