Objective: The study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of low-dose isotretinoin vs the standard-dose regimen for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, Bannu Medical College and Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital Islamabad in the period from March, 2022 to August, 2022. Methods: Randomization was used to split the total of 190 patients with acne vulgaris who participated in the study into two groups of 95 sample size each. Patients of both sexes were affected with acne vulgaris. Isotretinoin was administered orally to patients in group I at a dose of 20 milligrammes per day for 12 weeks, whereas patients in group II received conventional dosing regimen 80 milligrammes per day. After a total of 12 weeks of therapy, both groups had a final assessment of their effectiveness. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: In all 190 cases, majority of the cases 110 (57.9%) were females and 80 (42.1%) were male patients. Mena age of the patients in group I was 24.16±10.52 years and in group II mean age was 25.8±9.87 years. We found that efficacy of conventional dosing regimen was higher in 73 (76.8%) as compared to low doze isotretinoin in 50 (52.6%) with p value <0.005. Post-treatment frequency of complication were higher in group II 46 (48.4%) as compared to group I 28 (29.5%). Dry eyes and headache were the common complications in all cases. Conclusion: As a result of this research, we came to the conclusion that the typical dosing regimen for the treatment of acne vulgaris is more effective but poses a greater risk of side effects than the low dose of isotretinoin. Keywords: Efficacy, Safety, Acne vulgaris, low dose isotretinoin

Aim: To compare the treatment efficacy of microneedling and glycolic acid peels for acne scar treatment. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trail was carried out at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Sindh during the Period from March, 2022 to August, 2022. We divided 60 patients equally in two groups using blocked randomization. Patients were treat with microneedling in group A while in group B patients were treated with 30% glycolic acid peels. Improvement was assessed by the Goodman and Baron Scale. Chi Square test was used for comparison of effectiveness of treatment in both groups. Results: This study was conducted on 60 patients divided equally in two groups. The mean age in group was 28.57±6.765 years while 30.30±5.932 years in group B. In group A there were 21 (70%) females and 9 (30%) males while in group B there were 20 (66.7%) females and 10 (33.3%) male. In group A 21 (70%) patients were treated effectively while in group B 11 (36.7%) patients were treated effectively (P = 0.01) Conclusion: From our study we conclude that microneedling is an effective treatment for acne scars as compared to glycolic acid peels. Keywords: Acne, Scars, Microneedling, Glycolic acid peels

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the skin manifestation in diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: A case-series study was conducted on 120 diabetes patients having skin manifestation investigated in the Department of Dermatology, PIMS Hospital, Islamabad from 11th March 2021 to 10th March 2022. Study protocol was approved by the institute research and ethical committee. Patients of either gender or age with diabetes mellitus and having at least one skin manifestation were enrolled. Each individual underwent dermatological examination and systemic findings were noted. Blood samples from each individual were taken for measuring the blood glucose level. Skin manifestation images and relevant investigations such as histopathological and microbiological were conducted. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis.  Results: Of the total 120 DM patients, there were 86 (71.7%) type 2 DM or non-insulin dependent and 34 (28.3%) were type I DM or insulin dependent. Out of 120 DM patients, there were 22 (18.3%) male and 98 (81.7%) females. The overall mean age was 48.62± 16.48 years with an age range 16 to 70 years. The mean duration of the disease was 9.84± 8.42 years varied from 5 months to 25 years.