Background: Trachoma is a contagious infection of the eye. World Health Organization recommended three rounds of mass drug administration in districts where the prevalence of trachomatous follicular (TF) is ≥10% in children aged 1-9 years. Mass drug distribution was given to residents for three consecutive years with more than 90% coverage. However, the prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma in the study community after the intervention was not yet determined. Thus, this deals with the prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among children aged 1-9 years. Methods: We conducted a Community based cross-sectional study among 502 children aged 1-9 in March 2018 in Deguatemben. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied. Selected children were examined for trachoma using 2.5x binocular loupe and graded based on the WHO simplified grading system. Mothers were interviewed for factors associated with trachoma using a structured questionnaire. Data was entered on Epi-Info and exported to SPSS for analysis. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were done with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at a pvalue < 0.05 for the final model. Results: The prevalence of active trachoma was found 21.5% (95% CI: 17.8-25.1%). Being 1 to 4 years old [AOR (95% CI) = 6.81(2.00-23.11)], not washing face [AOR (95% CI) =9.31(1.13-77.66)], not using soap [AOR (95% CI) = 5.84(1.87-18.21)], unclean face [AOR(95% CI) = 18.22(4.93-69.32)] and mother's knowledge [AOR (95% CI) = 0.06(0.02-0.19)] were found as independent predictors. Conclusion: The prevalence declined from the baseline, but it is still a public health problem in the district. Personal-related factors were found to be associated with the disease. Health education of "Facial cleanness" and related factors is recommended to increase knowledge of the mothers on their children's care in addition to the provision of antibiotics.

Background Measles is a viral disease and a leading vaccine-preventable childhood killer. More than 95% of measles deaths occur in countries with low incomes and weak health infrastructures. In response to this, Ethiopia prepared a measles elimination strategic plan to achieve by 2020. However, based on the Mini-Ethiopian demographic health survey 2019 the full coverage of immunization is 43% at the country level and it is lowest (20%) in the Afar region where this study was conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of the measles vaccine dropout rate in Afar regional state which is one of the pastoralist communities in Ethiopia. Methods Community based unmatched case-control study design was used. The study was conducted in Awash district of Afar regional state, Ethiopia from June 1st -30th 2018. Data were collected from a study unit of 12–23 months old children. For this study, a sample of 166 cases and 331controls were selected by simple random sampling methods and the total sample size was 497. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire by health workers using the local language. Data were entered into Epi-info − 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software and logistic regression was used to assess the determinants measles dropout rate. Results A total of 487 children participated in this study with a response rate of 97.9%. More than half of the children were female (53.3%) and 113 (35.2%) children mothers’ were not attended formal education. Mother who had antenatal care ≤ 2 visits [AOR:=5.7(3.2–10.14)], being in the birth order of 1 − 3 [AOR = 4.47(1.63–12.29)], long waiting time > 60 min at nearby health facility for vaccine [AOR = 2.37(1.36–4.15)], households visit by health extension workers [AOR = 2.03(1.12–3.66)], pregnant women not participating with women development army [AOR = 3.5(1.94–6.18)], and poor maternal knowledge on vaccination [AOR = 3.30(1.9–5.73)] were significant determinants with measles vaccination dropout rate. Conclusions Health facility and mother characteristics were the determinants of the measles vaccine dropout rate. Therefore, tracing and strict follow up by the health extension works using home visits and women development army at the pastoralist community is necessary to reach them.

Background Client satisfaction is the best indicator of quality service provision and has been found to correlate with continuity of care perceived by the client. The measurement of client satisfaction helps in understanding willingness and decisions to return for future services. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the level and factors associated with client satisfaction of FP services among family planning users. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 492 family planning users in Public health facilities of Jigjiga town, Eastern Ethiopia from February 10 to March 10, 2017. Participants were chosen by systematic random sampling and interviewed immediately after having received family planning service using via a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Info 7 and then exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. All associations with client satisfaction were tested for statistical significance with alpha set at the 0.05 level. Result The findings of this study showed that the overall client satisfaction with FP services among FP users of public health facilities of Jigjiga town was 41.7% with 95% CI of (37 − 46.1%). Knowledge on FP [adjusted odds ratio, AOR (95% CI) = 0.037 (0.019–0.072)], demonstrate how to use the method [AOR (95% CI) = 16.1 (8.4–30.7)], describing side effect of the method [AOR (95% CI) = 2.4 (1.41–4.23)] and distance of FP user’s home to health facility [AOR (95% CI) = 0.24 (0.14–0.42)] were found to be significantly associated with the client satisfaction of FP services. Conclusions The overall client satisfaction with FP services was relatively low. Knowledge of FP, demonstrating how to use the method, describing the side effect of the method and distance of FP user’s home to health facilities were found to be factors that influence client satisfaction with family planning services. Thus, efforts should be made to improve on client interaction especially on the information given and knowledge of clients.

Objectives HIV elite controllers (ECs) are a unique subgroup of HIV-positive patients who are long-term virologically suppressed in the absence of antiretroviral treatment (ART). The prevalence of this subgroup is estimated to be < 1%. Various cohorts of ECs have been described in developed countries, most of which have been demographically heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to identify ECs in two large African cohorts and to estimate their prevalence in a relatively genetically homogenous population. Methods We screened two cohorts of HIV-positive Ethiopian patients. The first cohort resided in Mekelle, Ethiopia. The second was comprised of HIV-positive Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. In the Mekelle cohort, ART-naïve subjects with stable CD4 counts were prospectively screened using two measurements of viral load 6 months apart. Subjects were defined as ECs when both measurements were undetectable. In the Israeli cohort, subjects with consistently undetectable viral loads (mean of 17 viral load measurements/patient) and stable CD4 count > 500 cells/µL were defined as ECs. Results In the Mekelle cohort, 16 of 9515 patients (0.16%) fitted the definition of EC, whereas seven of 1160 (0.6%) in the Israeli cohort were identified as ECs (P = 0.011). Conclusions This is the first large-scale screening for HIV-positive ECs to be performed in entirely African cohorts. The overall prevalence of ECs is within the range of that previously described in developing countries. The significant difference in prevalence between the two cohorts of similar genetic background is probably a consequence of selection bias but warrants further investigation into possible environmental factors which may underlie the EC state.

A cross sectional study was conducted from July 2013 to March 2014 to evaluate the prevalence and economic impact of bovine fascioliasis at Hawzien abattoir, Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. A total of 215 cattle were randomly selected from those cattle slaughtered at Hawzien abattoir. Liver and related bile ducts were carefully inspected by visual inspection, palpation and systematic incision. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 16.0. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in the present study was 46 (21.39%) among the total slaughtered cattle in the abattoir. The current finding showed that Fasciola hepatica was higher prevalent than Fasciola gigantica with 17.21% and 4.2% respectively. Comparisons were made among the examined animals based on their sex, age and body condition. Accordingly, sex and age didn't show effects in cattle examined (p>0.05). However, body condition had effect on the prevalence of fasciolosis (p<0.05) with higher infection occurring in medium body conditions. The total annual direct economic loss as a result of liver condemnations was 885,500 ETB indicating that the disease is economically important on livestock production system in the study area.