Pabrik kelapa sawit menghasilkan 0,7 – 1 m3 limbah cair kelapa sawit atau palm oil mill effluent (POME) setiap ton TBS. Untuk pabrik sawit dengan kapasitas 30 ton tandan buah segar per jam, akan dihasilkan 6 ton minyak sawit, 6 ton limbah fiber, 10 ton cangkang dan limbah cair yang dapat menghasilkan listrik 1MW. Proses fermentasi limbah POME ini akan menghasilkan biogas dengan kandungan utama metana (CH4) sebesar 62%. Biogas adalah campuran gas yang diproduksi oleh sekelompok mikroorganisme dengan menguraikan material biodegradable pada kondisi anaerobik. Biogas sebagian besar terdiri atas 50% sampai dengan 70% metana (CH4), 30% sampai 45% karbon dioksida (CO2) dan sedikit kandungan gas lainnya seperti H2S, H2, N2, dan uap air. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan biogas hasil metanisasi dari POME untuk dikonversi menjadi listrik, maka biogas harus terlebih dahulu dilakukan permunian untuk menyesuaikan spesifikasi biogas sebagai bahan bakar gas dengan persyaratan mesin gas yang digunakan. Komponen-komponen di dalam biogas yang perlu dihilangkan ataupun dikurangi meliputi kandungan air, padatan, dan senyawa sulphur. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan sistem proses pemurnian biogas dengan menggunakan Bioscrubber untuk mengurangi kandungan gas H2S dan Dehumidifier untuk mengurangi kandungan uap air dalam produk biogas sehingga dihasilkan biogas dengan spesifikasi yang sesuai dengan umpan Gas Engine.
POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) can be used as for biogas production, with the main content of (65%) methane gas (CH4) and 35% Carbon Dioxide (CO2), H2S, and H2O gases. Apart from being a gas fuel and a source of electricity generation, biogas from POME waste as well as a waste processor becomes more environmentally friendly (according to quality standards). In order to support the process production of biogas from POME by using Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR), it is necessary to decrease POME’s temperature to meet the requirements of the reactor operating conditions. Cooling process by using a Cooling Tower through direct contact between fluids can be a good alternative to be used as a POME cooling method because of its effectiveness in heat exchange and smaller area needed than an open ponds. The type of cooling tower used is the Induced Draft Cooling Tower. In cooling tower design, the steps involved in determining the basic design, calculation of tower dimensions, basin, fan power, losses, and cooling air requirements. Based on the calculation, the tower dimensions determine a height of 5 m, length of 3.6 m, and width of 2.5 m, while the basin cooling tower dimensions determine a height of 2.7 m, length of 3.6 m, and width of 2.5 m, fan power of 5 hp. The cooling air requirement for the POME cooling process is 82,895.14 kg/hour. Keywords : POME; Cooling Tower; CSTR; Fuel; Biogas
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