<span lang="EN-US">The most important benefit of solar energy is renewable and low pollutant source of energy (clean energy). Solar energy technology and research are developing fast and much of the technology needed for these applications in industry and agricultures is already available. Solar drying technology (SDT) is one of the most attractive and promising applications of solar energy technology. In this paper, the various performances of SDTs in Indonesia are summarized with details. Generally, the cabinet-type and tunnel-type SDTs are remarkably well suited to drying small quantities of vegetables and fruit on the household scale. Greenhouse and hybrid SDTs are suitable for use on a large scale by industries.</span>

<span lang="EN-US">Growing concern with regard to energy sources and their usage has consequently increased significance of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collectors. A PV/T air collector is a system which has a conventional PV system combined with a thermal collector system. The system is able to produce electrical energy directly converted from sunlight by using photoelectric effect. Meanwhile, it also extracts heat from the PV and warms the fluid (air flow) inside the collector. In this review, solar PV system and solar thermal collectors are presented. In addition, studies conducted on solar PV/T air collectors are reviewed. The development of PV/T air collectors is a very promising area of research. PV/T air collectors using in solar drying and solar air heater.</span>

<span lang="EN-US">Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors convert solar radiation directly to both electrical and thermal energies. A PVT collector basiccaly combines the functions of a flat plate solar collector and those of a PV panel. This review presents thermodinamics fundamentals, descriptions, and previous works conducted on energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collector. Studies in 2010 to 2018 of the energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collectors are summarized. The energy and exergy efficiency of air based PVT collector ranges from 31% to 94% and 8.7% to 18%, respectively. In addition, flat plate solar collector is presented. Studies conducted on air based PVT collectors are reviewed.</span>

Ketersediaan air bersih bagi masyarakat mempunyai peran yang sangat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan dan masyarakat, serta mengurangi jumlah penderita penyakit yang berhubungan dengan air bersih. Metode Box-Jenkins menggunakan variabel terikat data dimasa lalu tanpa melihat data tersebut stasioner ataupun tidak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Box-Jenkins yang bertujuan untuk meramalkan banyaknya air bersih yang disalurkan PDAM di Pekanbaru. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data air bersih yang disalurkan PDAM di Pekanbaru. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yakni model yang sesuai untuk meramalkan data air bersih yang disalurkan PDAM di Pekanbaru adalah ARIMA(1,1,1) merupakan model yang sesuai untuk meramalkan dengan nilai MAPE 4%. Dengan hasil peramalan untuk kebutuhan air bersih di Pekanbaru dari bulan Januari 2022 sampai dengan Desember 2023 mengalami kenaikan setiap bulannya. Seiring dengan meningkatnya laju pertumbuhan penduduk di Pekanbaru kebutuhan air bersih pun meningkat sesuai dengan kebutuhan, selain itu struktur tanah yang mayoritas gambut dan kualias air yang berwarna dan berminyak juga mempengaruhi hasil peramalan kebutuhan air bersih di Pekanbaru.

The popular solar technology is the integration of solar thermal technology and photovoltaic (PV), called photovoltaic thermal (PVT) technology. This technology converts solar energy to electrical and thermal energy. The efficiency of solar energy conversion via PVT is higher than photovoltaic and solar systems. PV cell efficiency decreases if system operating temperature is higher. Therefore, solar systems attached to PV cells act to cool PV cells and increase the overall efficiency of the PVT system. PVT construction that saves space, is suitable for domestic consumption, and long-term saving costs makes PVT current research by researchers in the latest energy technology. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of PVT water collector. Results on the performances of PVT water collectors are summarized. The energy and exergy efficiency of PVT water collector ranges from 28.5% to 85% and 6.8% to 14%, respectively.