Excessive activity in the hands and wrists over a prolonged period of time can cause repetitive strain injury, which leads to the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the effectiveness of ultrasound and neural mobilization interventions with ultrasound and passive stretching in reducing hand disabilities in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is an experimental study, using the pre- and post-test control group design. The sampling technique employed was simple random sampling, with a study sample comprising 30 people. The difference test with an independent t-test showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group (p= 0.000), with a decrease hand disability percentage of 7% in the control group and 15% in the treatment group. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasound and neural mobilization is more effective in reducing hand disability than a combination of ultrasound and passive stretching in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Abstrak Aktivitas yang berulang pada pergelangan tangan apabila berlangsung lama dapat menimbulkan repetitive strain injury yang berujung terhadap terjadinya carpal tunnel syndrome. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas intervensi ultrasound dan neural mobilization dengan ultrasound dan passive stretching dalam menurunkan disabilitas tangan pada pasien carpal tunnel syndrome. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian pre-test and post-test control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dengan cara simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang. Uji beda selisih dengan independent t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan (p= 0,000) dengan persentase penurunan disabilitas tangan sebesar 7% pada kelompok kontrol dan 15% pada kelompok perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ultrasound dan neural mobilization lebih efektif dalam menurunkan disabilitas tangan daripada kombinasi ultrasound dan passive stretching pada pasien carpal tunnel syndrome. Kata kunci: carpal tunnel syndrome, disabilitas tangan, neural mobilization, passive stretching, ultrasound
ABSTRAKIndeks Massa Tubuh merupakan petunjuk untuk menentukan kelebihan berat badan berdasarkan Indeks Quatelet berat badan dalam kilogram dibagi dengan kuadrat tinggi badan dalam meter (kg/m2). IMT adalah cara termudah untuk memperkirakan obesitas serta berkorelasi tinggi dengan massa lemak tubuh. IMT yang tinggi mempunyai resiko jatuh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan IMT normal. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan resiko jatuh pada lansia di Banjar Minggir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik cross sectional, pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling sebanyak 41 orang. Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan Spearman Rho didapat nilai p<0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan resiko jatuh pada lansia di Banjar Minggir, Denpasar.Kata Kunci: Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Resiko Jatuh, Lansia
Background Absolute dosimetry measurement is an integral part of Treatment Planning System (TPS) commissioning and it involves measuring the integrated absorbed dose to water for all energies in a pencil beam scanning delivery system. During the commissioning of Singapore's first proton therapy center, a uniform scanned field with an Advanced Markus chamber method was employed for this measurement, and a large dose fluctuation of at least 5% was observed for 10% of the energy layers during repeated measurements. Purpose This study aims to understand the root cause of this fluctuation by relating the actual delivered spot information in the log file with the charge measurement by the ion chambers. Methods A dedicated pencil beam dose algorithm was developed, taking into account the log file parameters, to calculate the dose for a single energy layer in a homogeneous water phantom. Three energies, 70.2, 182.7, and 228.7 MeV were used in this study, with the 182.7 MeV energy exhibiting large dose fluctuation. The dose fluctuation was investigated as a function of detector's sizes (pinpoint 3D, Advanced Markus, PTW 34070, and PTW 34089) and water depth (2 , 6, and 20 cm). Twelve ion chambers measurements were performed for each chamber and depth. The comparison of the theoretically predicted integrated dose and the charge measurement served as a validation of the algorithm. Results About 5.9% and 9.6% dose fluctuation were observed in Advanced Markus and pinpoint 3D measurements at 2 cm depth for 182.7 MeV, while fluctuation of 1.6% and 1.1% were observed in Advanced Markus with 228.7 and 70.2 MeV at similar depth. Fluctuation of less than 0.1% was observed for PTW34070 and PTW 34089 for all energies. The fluctuation was found to diminish with larger spot size at 20 cm depth to 1.3% for 182.7 MeV. The theoretical and measured charge comparison showed a high linear correlation of R2>0.80${R^2} > 0.80$ for all datasets, indicating the fluctuation originated from the delivered spot characteristics. The cause of fluctuation was identified to be due to the spill change occurring close to the detector, and since the spot positional deviation profiles were different between two spills, this resulted in local hot spots between columns of spots. The actual position of spill change varies randomly during measurement, which led to a random occurrence of hot spot within the detector's sensitive volume and a fluctuating dose measurement. Conclusion This is the first report of a dose fluctuation greater than 5% in absolute dosimetry measurement with a uniform scanned field and the cause of the fluctuation has been conclusively determined. It is important to choose the MU and scanning pattern carefully to avoid spill change happening when the spot delivery is near the detector.
Media sosial meningkatkan konektivitas antar individu sehingga memberikan peluang untuk memperoleh dan berbagi informasi. Pengguna internet tahun 2017 didominasi oleh usia 19-34 tahun dan merupakan masa mengembangkan diri dengan memperluas relasi sosial. Penggunaan media sosial yang intens dapat menyebabkan penggunanya merasakan kesenangan hingga tercandu dan membuat durasi penggunaan media sosial semakin lama sehingga menyebabkan terganggunya pengaturan hormon melatonin saat malam hari dan menyebabkan jam tidur lebih lama sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas tidur individu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional analitik yang dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2019. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik purposive dengan jumlah 46 sampel. Sampel mengisi kuesioner identitas dan data subyek serta kuesioner Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) untuk mengetahui durasi penggunaan media sosial perharinya dan kualitas tidur sampel. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat dengan uji spearman. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,037), tingkat kekuatan hubungan korelasi sedang (r=0.308), dan hubungan bersifat searah (r=0,308) antara durasi penggunaan media sosial dengan kualitas tidur. Penggunaan internet dan kecanduan media sosial dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan metakognitif tentang pemikiran dan pengaturan diri seseorang. Penggunaan media sosial yang intens dan kebiasaan membawa smartphone ketempat tidur membuat durasi penggunaan media sosial semakin lama sehingga menyebabkan terganggunya pengaturan hormon melatonin dan menyebabkan jam tidur lebih lama serta memengaruhi kualitas tidur individu. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan lama durasi penggunaan media sosial dengan kualitas tidur pada usia 19-22 tahun yang mana semakin tinggi durasi penggunaan media sosial maka semakin buruk kualitas tidur pengguna.
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