Objectives: Sleep health is becoming more widely accepted as a possible preventative strategy against chronic disease and negative psychosocial outcomes. It is important to understand whether attitudes towards sleep vary by demographic characteristics and how potential differences in sleep attitudes could impact sleep outcomes. The present study examined whether there were demographic differences in sleep attitudes and whether the interaction between demographic characteristics and sleep attitudes impacted sleep outcomes (e.g. sleep hygiene, duration, and quality). Methods: One hundred seventy-two adults from across the United States completed an anonymous survey on sleep and health. Results: Sleep attitudes varied according to age, gender, and race, with more positive sleep attitudes reported by older adults, women, and those who identified as White. Although positive sleep attitudes predicted more sleep and better quality sleep, this association varied as a function of several demographic characteristics. A more complex picture arose for the interaction between demographics and sleep attitudes predicting sleep outcomes. Conclusions: Future research should continue to discover for whom favorable sleep attitudes are beneficial and explore when and how sleep attitudes may be altered.

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The present study examined the role of sleep in daily affective stress recovery processes in adolescents. Eighty-nine American adolescents recorded their emotions and stress through daily surveys and sleep with Fitbit devices for two weeks. Results show that objectively measured sleep (sleep onset latency and sleep debt) moderated negative affective responses to previous-day stress, such that stress-related negative affect spillover effects became more pronounced as amount of sleep decreased. Total sleep time and sleep debt moderated cross-day positive affect "bounce-back" effects. With more sleep, morning positive affect on days following high stress tended to bounce back to the levels that were common following low stress days. Conversely, if sleep was short following high stress days, positive affect remained low the next morning. No evidence for subjective sleep quality as a moderator of spillover/bounce-back effects was found. This research suggests that sleep quantity could relate to overnight affective stress recovery.Adolescence is a developmental period that is notorious for insufficient sleep (Carskadon, 2011). Given the importance of sleep on virtually all aspects of emotional processing (Kahn, Sheppes, & Sadeh, 2013;Palmer & Alfano, 2017), it seems likely that sleep, either duration or quality, could play a part in emotional recovery from daily stress for adolescents. It is important to understand processes of stress recovery because stress is an inevitable aspect of life and the ability to "bounce back" (i.e., recover) from it has important implications for overall emotional well-being (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004). Research on recovery from daily stressors has largely focused on negative affect spillover effects from one day to the next (Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995;Gunthert, Cohen, Butler, & Beck, 2007;Marco & Suls, 1993). However, few researchers have investigated daily-level processes that might relate to everyday fluctuations in stress recovery, such as sleep. In this study, we investigated the role of daily sleep on stress recovery among adolescents. Sleep in adolescentsA majority of adolescents do not receive enough sleep (National Sleep Foundation, 2014). Although sleep experts recommend that adolescents sleep for 8-10 h a night, about 70% of adolescents sleep less than 8 h a night, and a large proportion get substantially less than 8 h. Average sleep duration decreases from 8.4 h per night in sixth grade to 6.9 h in 12th grade (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Paruthi et al., 2016).To a large extent, inadequate sleep in teenagers can be attributed to a confluence of biological and social changes that delay

Objectives Attitudes have been widely studied as predictors of a number of social and health behaviors. However, attitudes predicting sleep outcomes have only recently been examined, despite sleep being conceptualized as an important health behavior. Prior research has demonstrated that attitudes toward sleep are associated with sleep hygiene, sleep duration and quality (Peach & Gaultney, 2017 ; Peach, Gaultney, Ruggiero, 2018 ). Sleep attitudes interact with varying demographic identities, such as age, gender, race, and perceived socioeconomic status (SES) (Ruggiero, Peach, & Gaultney, 2019 ). The present study hypothesized that (1) sleep attitudes would be indirectly associated with sleep outcomes (duration and quality) via sleep hygiene, and, (2) this indirect effect would be modified by specific demographic variables (age, gender, race, and perceived SES; moderated mediation). Method One hundred and seventy-two adults from the United States completed an anonymous survey on sleep characteristics and health. Results Results confirmed the first hypothesis, indicating that sleep attitudes were significantly and indirectly associated with both sleep duration and sleep quality via sleep hygiene. Additionally, gender and SES further modified these significant indirect effects, meaning hypothesis two was partially supported. Conclusions Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the importance and variability of sleep attitudes, and future research directions are considered.

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