RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el impacto de la primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los profesionales sanitarios. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. El cuestionario tenía unas variables comunes para todos los profesionales y unas exclusivas para COVID-19 positivos. Resultados: Fueron completados 599 cuestionarios. El 83% eran mujeres con una media de edad de 45,6 ± 11,0 años, el 33,4% eran enfermeras y el 21,7% técnicos. Un 65,8% de los trabajadores había recibido formación sobre los Equipos de Protección Individual (EPI) y, el 35,4% respondió que habían dispuesto de EPI el 75% de las veces y el 48,3%, siempre. Un 42,1% (n = 252) de los profesionales refirieron fatiga física, el 38,1% (n = 228) fatiga emocional, el 33,7% (n = 202) estrés y un 30,2% (n = 181) insomnio, como síntomas derivados de la situación vivida durante la pandemia. Los profesionales positivos a SARS-CoV-2 (n = 91) no tenían más antecedentes patológicos de riesgo que los negativos (p = 0,077), eran técnicos u otros profesionales asistenciales (p = 0,001) y trabajaban en el socio-sanitario (p = 0,001). La mayoría eran considerados nivel de riesgo 3 (p = 0,001) y habían estado en contacto con un paciente positivo (p = 0,012) o con otro profesional positivo (p = 0,05). Conclusiones: La primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto en la salud física y mental de los trabajadores, especialmente en los de primera línea. PALABRAS CLAVE: covid-19, personal de salud, evaluación en salud, evaluación de necesidades ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic first wave on the healthcare professionals. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective and multicenter study. Data were collected through a self-administering questionnaire with closed and open questions. The questionnaire had common variables for all professionals and exclusive ones for positive COVID-19 professionals. Results: 599 questionnaires were completed. The 83% were women, with a mean of 45.6±11.0 years and 33.4% were nurses and 21.7% technical. The 65.8% of the healthcare professionals affirmed that they had received training on the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and 35.4% responded that 75% of the times they had available PPE and 48.3%, always. The 42.1% (n=252) of the professionals reported physical fatigue, 38.1% (n=228) emotional fatigue, 33.7% (n=202) stress and 30.2% (n=181) insomnia, as symptoms derived from the situation experienced during the pandemic. The professionals who were positive for COVID-19 (n=91) had no more risk pathological antecedents than negatives ones (p=0.077); they were technical or other healthcare professionals (p=0.001) and they worked at a socio-sanitary center (p=0.001). Most of the positive professionals were considered to be at risk level 3 (p=0.001) and had been in contact with a positive patient (p = 0.012) or with another positive professional (p=0.05). Conclusions: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the physical and mental health of the health professionals, especially in the first-line ones. KEY WORDS: covid-19, healthcare workers, health evaluation, needs assessment
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el impacto de la primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los profesionales sanitarios. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. El cuestionario tenía unas variables comunes para todos los profesionales y unas exclusivas para COVID-19 positivos. Resultados: Fueron completados 599 cuestionarios. El 83% eran mujeres con una media de edad de 45,6 ± 11,0 años, el 33,4% eran enfermeras y el 21,7% técnicos. Un 65,8% de los trabajadores había recibido formación sobre los Equipos de Protección Individual (EPI) y, el 35,4% respondió que habían dispuesto de EPI el 75% de las veces y el 48,3%, siempre. Un 42,1% (n = 252) de los profesionales refirieron fatiga física, el 38,1% (n = 228) fatiga emocional, el 33,7% (n = 202) estrés y un 30,2% (n = 181) insomnio, como síntomas derivados de la situación vivida durante la pandemia. Los profesionales positivos a SARS-CoV-2 (n = 91) no tenían más antecedentes patológicos de riesgo que los negativos (p = 0,077), eran técnicos u otros profesionales asistenciales (p = 0,001) y trabajaban en el socio-sanitario (p = 0,001). La mayoría eran considerados nivel de riesgo 3 (p = 0,001) y habían estado en contacto con un paciente positivo (p = 0,012) o con otro profesional positivo (p = 0,05). Conclusiones: La primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto en la salud física y mental de los trabajadores, especialmente en los de primera línea. PALABRAS CLAVE: covid-19, personal de salud, evaluación en salud, evaluación de necesidades ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic first wave on the healthcare professionals. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective and multicenter study. Data were collected through a self-administering questionnaire with closed and open questions. The questionnaire had common variables for all professionals and exclusive ones for positive COVID-19 professionals. Results: 599 questionnaires were completed. The 83% were women, with a mean of 45.6±11.0 years and 33.4% were nurses and 21.7% technical. The 65.8% of the healthcare professionals affirmed that they had received training on the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and 35.4% responded that 75% of the times they had available PPE and 48.3%, always. The 42.1% (n=252) of the professionals reported physical fatigue, 38.1% (n=228) emotional fatigue, 33.7% (n=202) stress and 30.2% (n=181) insomnia, as symptoms derived from the situation experienced during the pandemic. The professionals who were positive for COVID-19 (n=91) had no more risk pathological antecedents than negatives ones (p=0.077); they were technical or other healthcare professionals (p=0.001) and they worked at a socio-sanitary center (p=0.001). Most of the positive professionals were considered to be at risk level 3 (p=0.001) and had been in contact with a positive patient (p = 0.012) or with another positive professional (p=0.05). Conclusions: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the physical and mental health of the health professionals, especially in the first-line ones. KEY WORDS: covid-19, healthcare workers, health evaluation, needs assessment
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