Two-year findings indicate that ELLK is as efficacious as PKP for the surgical treatment of moderate to advanced keratoconus. The procedure is relatively simple. Most steps can be standardized, and there are no time-consuming maneuvers.

PURPOSE: To compare an ultrasound pachymeter with an optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) pachymeter for measuring pre- and postoperative central corneal thickness of patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: In a prospective, noncomparative, interventional study, 48 myopic eyes (mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent: -4.93±2.93 diopters [D]) of 30 healthy patients underwent PRK. Pre- and postoperative central corneal thickness was measured by two examiners (E1, E2) with an ultrasound pachymeter and an OLCR pachymeter. Agreement and inter-rater repeatability were determined using the comparison method described by Bland and Altman. RESULTS: The limits of agreement between the two devices ranged from 17.8 µm (E1) to 20.5 µm (E2) preoperatively and from 22.4 µm (E1) to 16.9 µm (E2) postoperatively. The coefficient of inter-rater repeatability ranged from 9.1 µm (ultrasound pachymeter) to 5.4 µm (OLCR pachymeter) preoperatively and from 7.1 µm (ultrasound pachymeter) to 4.7 µm (OLCR pachymeter) postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The OLCR pachymeter seems to show better pre- and postoperative repeatability compared to the ultrasound pachymeter. The agreement between the two devices should be considered acceptable for clinical practice. Photorefractive keratectomy did not affect the postoperative agreement and repeatability of the pachymeters. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:661-666.]

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The rates of post-operative endophthalmitis have been low for many years, but recent reports suggest that this type of ocular infection may be on the rise. Fluctuations in the number of cases appear to correlate with the type of intraocular surgery performed. Post-operative endophthalmitis has been reported as a consequence of nearly every type of ocular surgery, but is most common following cataract surgery. Numerous reports have demonstrated that Gram-positive bacteria cause the vast majority of post-operative endophthalmitis cases. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates are the most common. Most intraocular infections resulting from infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci can be treated with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents, resulting in restoration of partial or complete vision. However, the more virulent the bacterial strain, the more devastating the visual outcome. Intraocular infections withStaphyloccus aureus, enterococci,Bacillusor Gram-negative strains are often intractable, and blindness or loss of the eye itself is not uncommon. The therapeutic success of treating post-operative endophthalmitis depends largely on accurate and prompt diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy can be topical, sub-conjunctival, systemic or intravitreal. Vitrectomy must be reserved for patients who present with initial visual acuity of light perception. Only in these cases has vitrectomy been shown to be more advantageous with respect to the intravitreal antibiotic injection.

In keratoplasty surgery, videokeratography is useful for suture adjustment. In the PK group, using a double-running suture technique, the postoperative astigmatism (after all sutures were removed) was similar to the astigmatism measured intraoperatively by videokeratography.