Numerous pipeline failures have occurred due to the drastic increase in oil and gas product distribution pipelines over the last three decades. Corrosion is a significant factor in the failure of offshore gas pipelines. It is necessary to maintain the integrity of the offshore transmission system, one of which is the riser, for the product to be adequately distributed. The purpose of this study is to ensure the riser's reliability by conducting a risk assessment of the probability and consequences of equipment failure, mitigating the impact of failure risk, and developing a more optimal inspection plan. The API 5L Grade X60 gas riser pipe is the subject of this study. The quantitative Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) technique was used in 2016 following the API 581 standard. This quantitative approach is founded on a numerical value model constructed using validated operational data and inspection results. The risk assessment indicates that the gas riser pipelines will have a high-risk level (5D) for the splash zone segment and a medium-risk level (2D) for the above-and below-water segments. The recommended inspection plan for the gas riser pipeline is one year after the risk-based inspection assessment.

In the oil and gas industry, maintaining the integrity of production equipment is critical to ensuring the industry’s sustainability. Failure to maintain the integrity of production equipment can result in financial losses for the business. The management of production equipment nearing the end of its design life faces an increasing cost of Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair (IMR). As a result, a strategy to improve the efficiency of IMR is essential. Recent IMR management practices include predictive Risk-Based Inspection (RBI), which is more efficient than Time-Based Inspection (TBI). The research intends to evaluate the 28-year-old subsea sales gas pipeline using API 581 standard quantitative methodology by utilizing the Inline Inspection (ILI). Specifically, the study focuses on measuring the Probability and Consequence Failure of inspected pipelines. The inspection interval is determined based on the minimum allowable thickness. The risk calculation indicates that 12 pipeline segments are at a medium risk level (3 segments, 1D and 1E, and 2C). The remaining nine segments remain at lower risk (1C). Based on the result, segment nine is accepted as the highest PoF value of 1.04E-4 failures per year due to high depletion values due to the higher CoF value at the leak location. The calculation of the inspection interval indicates that the forthcoming Inspection will be due 20 years post the previous assessment. Another method using the Estimated Repair Factor (ERF) thickness limit approach produces the same results. However, assessment using ASME B31.8S provides different results of 10 years intervals when using the same ILI inspection method. This work can be used as a standard guideline to assess the risk of pipelines over a decade in service

Green inhibitors have become a major option for corrosion prevention since people are more aware of environmental damage. It is true that chemical inhibitors are more powerful at preventing corrosion, but its side effects are very harmful to the environment. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) in single use has been proven as an active inhibitor for certain applications. To improve this property, purple sweet potato is used as a mixed with other plants that contain antioxidant agents, such as ginger, melinjo, turmeric, jeera, etc. This paper discussed the effect of applying mixed extract of purple sweet potato with turmeric (Curcuma longa) as a green inhibitor to corrosion rate of API 5L steel in a 3.5% NaCl environment. Turmeric extract contains curcumin and kaempferol antioxidants while purple sweet potato extract contains antocyanin antioxidants. Corrosion rates were analyzed based on weight loss and polarization methods. The results showed the highest inhibitor efficiency was 82.54% achieved by 16 ml of turmeric mixed with 2 ml of purple sweet potato, and the optimum inhibitor efficiency was 74.2% achieved by 8 ml of turmeric mixed with 6 ml of purple sweet potato.

Vitamin  C  merupakan  vitamin  yang  sangat  dibutuhkan  oleh  tubuh yang digunakan dalam  produksi  kolagen,  pembentukan  tulang dan  gigi, penyimpanan yodium, pertumbuhan jaringan, pembentukan sel darah merah, dan kekebalan terhadap infeksi. Vitamin C mudah larut dalam air dan mudah rusak oleh oksidasi, panas, dan alkali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kadar vitamin c dalam kedondong segar dan manisan kedondong dalam penyimpanan yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eskperimental laboratorium menggunakan spektrofotometer Uv-Vis. Kadar vitamin c pada buah kedondong segar, pada manisan kedondong yang disimpan pada kulkas, dan manisan kedondong yang disimpan pada suhu kamar berturut-turut adalah 0,0664%; 0,040875 dan 0,0299%. Penyimpanan yang paling baik adalah dalam suhu kulkas sehingga dapat menjaga kandungan vitamin c pada buah dan sayur.

No abstract