ABSTRACT:The changes in lifestyle associated to sedentarism and bad food habits have contributed to the growth of obesity around the world. Therefore, the use of non-nutritive sweeteners has increased due to the rise of concerns about obesity. However, although some studies have shown the benefits of artificial sweeteners in weight control, others have indicated the opposite effects. According to several large scale studies as the San Antonio Heart Study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), there is a positive association between artificial sweetener consumption and weight and/or BMI gain. Possible involved mechanisms by which NNS can aid in weight management must be considered, although in most of studies some data are inconsistent. One of the hypotheses is that a lack of activation in cephalic phase stimulation may increase the risk of obesity, while another is that activation through eating in general or exposure to sweet items could stimulate appetite and intake. There is also a view which relates NNS in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. In relation to nutritive and osmotic effects, NNS may promote weaker satiety compared to NS, as the nature of the sweetener is also a factor. NNS can cause failure to release of gut peptides resulting in lower satiety and increased energy consumption. About palatability, NNS are often added to foods or beverages to improve the acceptability of low energy or energy reduced foods or diets, increasing their intake over more energy dense versions. Some studies assume that palatability promotes hunger and/or reduces satiety and stimulate intake.KEYWORDS: Dietetic sweeteners; Weight loss; Obesity; Quality of life. RESUMO:AAs mudanças no estilo de vida relacionadas ao sedentarismo e aos maus hábitos alimentares têm contribuído para o aumento da obesidade em todo o mundo. Dentre as consequências decorrentes das preocupações geradas por esse fenômeno, destacase o crescimento do consumo de adoçantes não nutritivos (NNS). Embora algumas análises tenham demonstrado benefícios dos adoçantes artificiais no manejo do peso outras indicaram efeitos opostos. De acordo com vários estudos de larga escala como o de *San Antonio Heart Study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey* (NHANES) há uma associação direta entre a ingesta desses adoçantes e o ganho de peso e/ou IMC.Possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na influência dos NNS no controle ponderal devem ser considerados, embora existam alguns dados inconsistentes na maioria das pesquisas. Uma das hipóteses aponta para a falta de estimulação da fase cefálica da digestão como um fator de risco para a obesidade. Uma outra indica que a exposição a produtos doces poderia estimular o apetite. Existe também um questionamento relacionando os NNS à secreção de insulina e ao metabolismo da glicose. Quanto aos efeitos nutritivos e osmóticos, tais adoçantes poderiam oferecer menos saciedade quando comparados com os açúcares (NS). Uma das explicações para isso associa a menor liberação de peptídeos intesti...
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