For years, oximes are used as antidotes for organophosphate (OP) poisoning treatments. However, due to the limitations of oxime therapy, the discovery of new group of antidotes that are effective for OP poisoning treatments is desirable. A number of chemicals have been in-silico screened for their potential as malathion-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) poisoning antidotes. This screening narrows down the selection of the compounds to be synthesized, therefore reduce the time and cost needed to produce the reactivators. YASARA, a bioinformatics tool was used to perform the docking study of malathion-inhibited human AChE and reactivator-malathion inhibited AChE complexations. Fourteen potential compounds were chosen for the estimation of their binding energies and nucleophilic attack distances with malathion inhibited AChE complexes to determine their antidote capabilities. A commercially available antidote, 2-PAM was used for the comparison. Based on their energies and nucleophilic attack distance with malathion-inhibited human AChE, 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide, could also be used as the antidotes.

Pendahuluan: Epilepsi merupakan kejadian sementara dari tanda-tanda atau gejala yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas neuronal yang berlebihan atau sinkron yang abnormal di otak. Adanya epilepsi akan memberikan dampak terhadap perubahan kualitas hidup penderita. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen epilepsi dalam mencegah bangkitan epilepsi.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah literature review dengan menggunakan beberapa database dalam mencari sumber literatur yang akan dikaji yaitu Web Mail, Science Direct, Scopus dan Pro Quest dimulai dari tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Didapatkan 25 artikel yang membahas mengenai manajemen bangkitan pada pasien epilepsi.Hasil:Ada beberapa skill manajemen epilepsi, yaitu manajemen jangka pendek berupa pengenalan tanda-tanda awal bangkitan epilepsi dan manajemen jangka panjang berupa medikasi (obat anti epilepsi), pembatasan aktifitas fisik, kualitas tidur yang adequat, konsumsi diit ketogenik, manajemen emosional dan stress, larangan konsumsi alkohol, dan menghindari pencahayaan yang berlebihan.Kesimpulan:Manajemen epilepsi jangka pendek dan jangka panjang dapat mencegah terjadinya bangkitan epilepsi.

The ketogenic diet is one of the alternative treatment management of epilepsy patients. The study aimed to examine the effect of the ketogenic diet for managing the epilepsy patients. A literature review used by databases to find the relevant articles included Science Direct, Scopus, and Pro-Quest from 2011 to 2018. Metabolic therapy with the ketogenic diet can improve mitochondrial function, increase inhibition, and reduce nerve stimulation, which can cause seizures in epilepsy patients. Also, other factors need to be considered to produce an optimal impact on the use of the ketogenic diet, such as patient compliance and age. The ketogenic diet is one of the non-pharmacological alternatives that can be done to prevent recurrence in epilepsy patients.  Keywords: ketogenic diet, epilepsy, literature review

Arterial stiffness and QRS-T angle (the spatial angle between the vectors of the T-wave and QRS loops on typical electrocardiogram) are essential biomarkers for estimating the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Turmeric or Curcuma longa L., which belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, is reported to have antihypertensive activity. However, its effect on these biomarkers is unknown. This research investigates the antihypertensive effect of turmeric extract on arterial stiffness and frontal plane QRS-T angle in hypertensive animal models. High blood pressure was induced by a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 28 days in male Wistar rats. A daily dose of turmeric extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) or captopril was administered to hypertensive animals for 14 days. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, heart rate (HR), QRS-T angle, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated. An HFHF diet triggers a decrease in NO serum levels resulting in significantly increased arterial stiffness, which correlates with increased systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure due to ventricular dysfunction supported by the wide QRS-T angle, and also increased HR. Turmeric extract significantly enhances the bioavailability of NO vasodilators, effectively reversing all the hypertensive-induced changes studied. This extract is helpful as a vasodilator that lowers blood pressure by repairing arterial stiffness and preventing ventricular dysfunction of the heart.