Timely and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer is essential for efficient treatment and the best possible survival rates. Biosensors have emerged as a smart diagnostic platform for the detection of...

A robust, affordable and portable light emitting diode‐based diagnostic tools (POLS‐NIRDx) using a polarization‐sensitive (linear as well as circular polarization) technique were designed and developed to quantify the degree of linear polarization (DOLP), degree of circular polarization (DOCP). The study was performed on malignant (invasive ductal carcinoma) and adjacent normal ex‐vivo biopsy tissues excised from N = 10 patients at the operating wavelengths of 850 and 940 nm. The average DOLP and DOCP values were lower for malignant than adjacent normal while operating at 850 and 940 nm. The highest accuracy was observed for DOLP (100%) and DOCP (80%) while operating at 850 nm, which reduced (80% for DOLP and 65% for DOCP) at 940 nm. This pilot study can be utilized as a differentiating factor to delineate malignant tissues from adjacent normal tissues.

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Significance: Optical polarimetry is an emerging modality that effectively quantifies the bulk optical properties that correlate with the anisotropic structural properties of cardiac tissues. We demonstrate the application of a polarimetric tool for characterizing healthy and fibrotic human myocardial tissues efficiently with a high degree of accuracy. Aim:The study was aimed to characterize the myocardial tissues from the left ventricle and right ventricle of N ¼ 7 control and N ¼ 10 diseased subjects. The diseased subjects were composed of two groups: N ¼ 7 with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and N ¼ 3 with myxomatous valve (MV) disease.Approach: A portable, affordable, and accurate linear polarization-based diagnostic tool is developed to measure the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the myocardial tissues while working at a wavelength of 850 nm.Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the polarimetric tool in distinguishing the control group from the RHD group were found to be 73.33%, 76.92%, and 75%, respectively, and from the MV group were 91.6%, 62.5%, and 80%, respectively, which demonstrates the efficacy of the polarimetric tool to distinguish the healthy myocardial tissues from diseased tissues. Conclusions:We have successfully developed a polarimetric tool that can aid cardiologists in characterizing the myocardial tissues in conjunction with endomyocardial biopsy. This work should be followed up with experiments on a large cohort of control and diseased subjects. We intend to create and develop a probe to quantify the DOLP of in vivo heart tissue during surgery.