No abstract

A commonly used, but unadjusted, measure of Australian mining multifactor productivity (MFP) fell by about one-third over the first decade of the mining boom, coinciding with very large increases in resource prices. Using growth accounting methods and our own adjustments, based on energy use and capital-output lags to account for depletion effects we find (i) the Australian annual average MFP growth in mining was 2.5 per cent a year between 1985-1986 and 2009-2010 compared to À0.65 per cent for the unadjusted measure and (ii) productivity growth was positive in the 2000s, albeit at a lower rate than in the 1990s. Our adjusted MFP growth measures at a state level and subsector level are greater than unadjusted productivity measures. In a complementary study using an econometric decomposition of mining MFP at a state level, we find no statistically significant effect of technological change on MFP growth in the sector, but positive and statistically significant effects of technical efficiency and scale over the period 1990-1991 to 2009-2010. Our results do not support specific policy interventions to increase productivity growth in the mining sector beyond appropriate incentives for resource exploration including the provision of precompetitive resource data.

Empirical works on examining taxpayer compliance and judiciously targeting risky taxpayers from a population of large taxpayers are hitherto scarce. This paucity of research has been the main result of the limited set of taxpaid data available at a micro level to researchers. It is in this context, the objective of this paper is to suggest a benchmarking method, which takes into account firm‐specific, particularly governance characteristics, to identify and measure the extent of taxpayer compliance with the limited amount of data available. It is expected that this method will be of much value to tax administrations and compliance managers. Our approach to compliance is based on comparisons among taxpayers of the extent of under‐reporting of income, as well as over‐reporting of reconciliation deduction and cost items. The workability of the proposed model is demonstrated using data from the Australian services industry.

No abstract