Abstract. Karamang S, Ariffin, Widaryanto E, Aini N. 2023. Yield quality of Setaria italica accessions originated from Numfor Island, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1878-1885. Pokem (Setaria italica L. Beauv) is among the various germplasms of food plant diversity in Papua, especially in Numfor Island along with its traditional cultivation. Huge attention is needed in sustaining plant development due to its high nutritional value. Therefore, the study aims to (i) search for S. italica accessions with the highest yields and nutrient content in ex-situ cultivation, and (ii) S. italica gain accessions from the island of Numfor which contains phytochemical and antioxidant activity compounds. This study was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Papua in Amban Manokwari. The plant materials used were 15 accessions of S. italica grains derived from existing cultivated locations of Numfor Island, Papua. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 replications. Yield component characters, nutritional content, total flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as antioxidant activity were observed. The results revealed that accession Sub Manggunsi 3 (SM3) had the highest grain yield. Based on nutrient contents, the highest recorded by Namber 2 (NM 2) accession for carbohydrate content, followed by Sub Manggunsi 2/SM2 (raw fiber), Kansai 3/KN3 and Sub Manggunsi 3/SM3 (protein content), Sub Manggunsi 1/SM1 (water content), Kameri 3/KM3 and Rimba Raya2/RR2 (fat content), Namber 3/NM3 (ash content); while Kameri 1 (KM1) accession, Rimba Raya 2 (RR2) and Kansai 1 (KM3) accession performed high content of total flavonoid, total phenol and antioxidant activity.

Abstract. Khuluq AD, Widaryanto E, Ariffin, Nihayati E. 2022. Adaptive strategy of Stevia rebaudiana to environmental change in tropical climate based on anatomy and physiology characteristics. Biodiversitas 23: 5710-5717. High solar radiation and air temperature are the main influencing factors for plant growth and development in tropical climates. This study's objective was to understand stevia adaptation to microclimate changes at several altitudes in tropical climates. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with altitude differences consisting of highlands, medium lands, and lowlands with ten replicates. The results showed that stevia was exposed to temperatures above 20oC during growth in the highlands by 36.46%, and in the medium lands to lowlands by 92.85%-93.96%. Meanwhile, the temperature above 30oC in the lowlands is 17.98% highest of the others. Stevia adapts to a high temperatures by increasing stomatal density, trichomes, and photosynthesis rate. Moreover, decreasing stomata (width, aperture, open percentage), leaf thickness, palisade length, xylem diameter, conductance, and transpiration rate. Stevia in the medium lands shows good adaptability with a high photosynthesis rate, percentage of open stomata 93.15%, leaf thickness 382.56 µm, and xylem diameter 30.97 µm, which is no different from the highlands. Thus, the medium lands have the potential as a new area of stevia development in a tropical climate, considering the increasingly competitive use of agricultural land in the highlands.