A key issue contributing to the success of NPP technology is the safe handling of radioactive waste, particularly spent nuclear fuel. According to the IAEA safety standard, the spent fuel must be stored in interim wet storage for several years so the radiation and the decay heat of the spent fuel will decrease to the safe limit values, after which the spent fuel can be moved to dry storage. In this study, we performed a theoretical analysis of heat removal by natural convection airflow in spent nuclear fuel dry storage. The temperature difference between the air inside and outside dry storage produces an air density difference. The air density difference causes a pressure difference, which then generates natural airflow. The result of the theoretical analysis was validated with simulation software and experimental investigation using a reduced-scale dry storage prototype. The dry storage prototype consisted of a dry cask body and two canisters stacked to store materials testing reactor (MTR) spent fuel, which generates decay heat. The cask body had four air inlet vents on the bottom and four air outlet vents at the top. To simulate the decay heat from the spent fuel in the two canisters, the canisters were wrapped with an electric wire heater that was connected to a voltage regulator to adjust the heat power. The theoretical analysis results of this study are relatively consistent with the experimental results, with the mean relative deviation (MRD) values for the prediction of air velocity, the heat rate using natural airflow, and the heat rate using the thermal resistance network equation are +0.76, −23.69, and −29.54%, respectively.
PEMODELAN DINAMIK PENDINGINAN BAHAN BAKAR NUKLIR BEKAS REAKTOR RISET SECARA NATURAL KONVEKSI PADA PROTOTIPE DRY CASK STORAGE. Penelitian ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk menguji kelayakan desain dry cask storage dan secara umum memberikan solusi penyimpanan Bahan Bakar Nuklir Bekas (BBNB) di Indonesia. Karena keterbatasan ruang penyimpanan pada penyimpanan tipe basah, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, melakukan eksperimen dan mensimulasikan secara simultan. Pengujian desain canister memvariasikan tegangan heater 50 V sampai dengan 125 V dengan kondisi tertutup untuk mengetahui respon canister terhadap tegangan yang sebanding dengan panas peluruhan BBNB. Eksperimen dengan menggunakan ventilasi dry cask storage memvariasikan tegangan 100 V sampai dengan 175 V bertujuan untuk menguji dry cask storage terhadap pendinginan canister secara natural konveksi. Perhitungan secara teori dan simulasi menggunakan software juga dilakukan sebagai pembanding hasil dari eksperimen dari segi pendinginan secara natural konveksi dan hambatan termal. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan respon desain canister berfungsi dengan baik yaitu semakin besar tegangan listrik yang diberikan, maka temperatur canister bertambah tinggi, yaitu 50 V sampai 125 V merespon 33,4°C sampai 56,6°C. Pengujian pendinginan canister secara natural konveksi menunjukkan hasil yang baik, yaitu antara lain dengan metode buka dan tutup ventilasi dry cask menunjukkan penurunan temperatur canister pada tegangan 100 Volt sebesar 16,1°C dan 14,8°C pada 125 Volt. Hasil nilai komparasi antara eksperimen, perhitungan teori dan simulasi pada 175 V temperatur canister yaitu 44,9°C, 49,7°C dan 65°C secara berurutan, untuk air velocity yaitu 0,20 m/s, 0,25 m/s dan 0,39 m/s secara berurutan. Hasil perhitungan teori dan simulasi sedikit lebih tinggi dari eksperimen, ini mungkin disebabkan adanya kehilangan panas ke lingkungan saat eksperimen berlangsung. Hasil simulasi diperoleh kontur temperatur dan perilaku aliran natural konveksi didalam air gap menunjukkan desain dry cask storage berfungsi dengan baik.Kata kunci : Bahan bakar nuklir bekas, natural konveksi, canister, dry cask storage.
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