BackgroundPrevious studies have reported an association between cigarette advertising and smoking behavior. Although this has been reported extensively in the West, it has been reported less in Southeast Asian countries that have not completely banned tobacco advertising promotion and sponsorship (TAPS). Indonesia is the only ASEAN country that has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, so TAPS regulation is limited. This study aimed to assess the association between youths’ perceptions of cigarette ads and smoking initiation.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 2,115 high school students aged 13–18 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to gauge the perception of cigarette ads and initiation to smoking. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) between the perception of cigarette ads and smoking initiation, adjusting for sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. The sociodemographic variables included in the final model were age and sex.ResultsThe final multivariate model showed an association between perception of tobacco ads encouraging youths to smoke and smoking initiation (OR 2.70) and current smoking (OR 7.63). Attitude toward TAPS was associated with smoking initiation (OR 1.51) and current smoking (OR 3.32). Exposure to cigarette ads had an association with smoking initiation only (OR 1.27) and did not have an association with current smoking. Having friends and family who smoked was associated with smoking initiation and current smoking in the final multivariate model. Smoking initiation and current smoking were also related to the susceptibility to smoke.ConclusionsThis study revealed that cigarette ads were perceived as encouraging youths to smoke and that smoking status was consistently associated with perception of cigarette ads targeted at youths, attitude toward TAPS, and susceptibility as well as smoking friends and family. Regulations to ban TAPS, particularly cigarette ads for preventing youths from smoking, should be adopted rapidly in Indonesia, where tobacco control remains limited.

Indonesia is currently in the top 10 of the world's poultry meat and egg producers. Poultry house in Indonesia is the main key in fulfilling the need for consumption of animal protein. Broiler and Layer types are the type of chicken that dominates the poultry farm sector in Indonesia, this is a serious threat to food sovereignty in Indonesia because Indonesia has not been able to provide Broiler and Layer grand parent stock as breed on several neighboring countries by doing import grand parent stock (GPS). So the objective of this research is to obtain the hybrid chickens with high egg and meat productivity yet still had the superiority of meat taste and strong body resistance like local chicken or native chicken. This Research conducted in Pusat Informasi Agroteknologi (PIAT) UGM di Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, D.I.Yogyakarta. In this study Back Crossess were conducted between F1 Kamper roosters and Layer hens. The growth rate of BC1 Kamper  is lower than Layer and F1 Kamper and based on the statistical analyses, there are no differences of growth rate between BC1 Kamper and parental. Hybrid Chicken BC1 Kamper resulted from ♀ F1 Layer And ♂ F1 Kamper crosses has diverse  phenotypic variations quantitative and qualitative data, the phenotype characters of BC1 Kamper such as ♂ F1 Kamper and the growth rate such as ♀ F1 Layer.

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