Analyses of frequency profiles of markers on disease or drug-response related genes in diverse populations are important for the dissection of common diseases. We report the results of analyses of data on 405 SNPs from 75 such genes and a 5.2 Mb chromosome, 22 genomic region in 1871 individuals from diverse 55 endogamous Indian populations. These include 32 large (>10 million individuals) and 23 isolated populations, representing a large fraction of the people of India. We observe high levels of genetic divergence between groups of populations that cluster largely on the basis of ethnicity and language. Indian populations not only overlap with the diversity of HapMap populations, but also contain population groups that are genetically distinct. These data and results are useful for addressing stratification and study design issues in complex traits especially for heterogeneous populations.

Our results suggest that the DYT1 gene might have a limited role in causation of dystonia in the Indian population.

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We investigate the pinning of domain walls in ferroelectrics on the basis of the two phonon bound state (TPBS) or discrete breather state due to impurity energy levels above the phonon continua in ferroelectrics such as LiNbO3 in order to show the pinning transition, which indicates the point of easiest switching. We predict, with the help of our quantum calculations, that every ferroelectric material has such a critical point of easy switching. Here we describe the quantum origin of pinning through the findings of analytical and numerical calculations, as interpreted by a TPBS concept by such impurity or nonlinearity induced modes, by plotting various TPBS parameters against the Landau coefficient and percent impurity content. This new approach might lead to many interesting applications for device manufacturing.

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