Latar belakang. Diare masih merupakan penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada balita di Indonesia. Tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua tentang diare dapat berpengaruh terhadap angka kejadian diare pada balita. Tujuan. Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku tentang diare, serta hubungan antar variabel tersebut. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di RSCM Kiara pada September 2015. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dengan orangtua berdasarkan kuesioner. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan Chi-square atau uji Fischer. Hasil. Di antara 102 subyek, terdapat 101 (99%) subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, 55 (54%) subjek memiliki sikap positif, dan 55 (54%) memiliki perilaku baik tentang diare. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku (p=0,353) dan antara sikap dengan perilaku orangtua tentang diare (p=0,290). Kesimpulan. Hampir seluruh orangtua memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik, dan mayoritas subyek mempunyai sikap dan perilaku yang baik tentang diare. Pengetahuan dan sikap orangtua tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku tentang diare pada anak.

Background We conducted a real-life study of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) transformation before and 12 weeks after sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy in HCV/HIV co-infected patients. Factors related to the significant changes of each HRQoL domain/item were also evaluated. Methods A prospective study was performed in the HIV integrated clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. HCV/HIV co-infected patients who started sofosbuvir and daclatasvir from government free DAA program in 2017–2019. WHOQoL-HIV BREF and RAND SF-36 questionnaires were recorded at baseline and post-treatment week 12. Results 145 patients with mean age of 37.8 years (SD = 4.2) were included in the analysis. Most of patients were male (89%), previous IVDU (89%), active smoker (50.4%) and non-cirrhosis (80%). SVR12 was achieved in 95.5% of patients. Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatments showed positive impacts on 2 domains and 2 other items of WHOQoL-HIV BREF and 2 domains and 1 item of SF-36. Predicting factors of significant increase in each domain/item were: male and normal body mass index (BMI) for level of independence (RR 4.01,95% CI 1.09–14.74 and 4.80,95% CI 1.79–12.81); higher HCV-RNA for overall perception of QoL (RR 0.42,95% CI 0.18–0.94); non-smoking status for overall perception of health (RR 0.32,95% CI 0.15–0.66); male and fibrosis stage 0–1 for general health (RR 6.21,95% CI 1.69–22.88 and 2.86,95% CI 1.16–7.00); and the use of NNRTI-based ART (RR 5.23, 95% CI 1.16–23.65). Spiritual/personal belief decline was predicted by non-smoking status (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.95). Treatment success was not associated with any changes of HR-QoL domain/item. Conclusions HCV/HIV co-infected patients were successfully treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir and experienced improvement of HRQoL 12 weeks after treatment completion.

Pendahuluan: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) memiliki tingkat keparahan dari flu ringan hingga gagal napas dan kematian. Diabetes melitus (DM) dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor risiko kerentanan infeksi dan tingkat keparahan penyakit pada COVID-19. Serial kasus ini melaporkan gejala klinis, penemuan pemeriksaan penunjang, dan mortalitas pada pasien COVID-19 berat dengan komorbid DM.Ilustrasi Kasus: Laporan ini merupakan serial kasus dari tiga pasien perempuan usia 50-68 tahun, dengan COVID-19 terkonfirmasi dan komorbid DM yang dirawat di perawatan intensif dari bulan April hingga Juli 2020. Dua pasien mengalami hiperglikemia pada presentasi awal. Selama perawatan, dua pasien cenderung mengalami hiperglikemia, sementara satu pasien lebih sering mengalami hipoglikemia. Dua pasien mengalami pneumonia terkait infeksi rumah sakit dan gagal ginjal akut selama perawatan. Satu pasien meninggal dunia.Diskusi: Ketiga subjek mengalami fluktuasi kondisi dan gula darah yang sulit dicapai selama perawatan. Satu pasien mengalami mengalami gagal napas dan meninggal dunia, sementara dua pasien lainnya dipulangkan setelah perbaikan keadaan. Kondisi hiperglikemia dan hipoglikemia pada DM diperkirakan berperan dalam keparahan infeksi COVID-19.Kesimpulan: DM dapat memperburuk kondisi pasien yang terinfeksi COVID-19. Kadar gula darah normal saat presentasi awal tidak menjadi jaminan prognosis baik pada pasien; sehingga, kontrol gula darah pada pasien COVID-19 dengan DM merupakan hal yang krusial.

BackgroundWe conducted a real-life study of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) transformation before and 12 weeks after sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy in HCV/HIV co-infected patients. Factors related to the significant changes of each HRQoL domain were also evaluated.MethodsA prospective study was performed in the HIV integrated clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. HCV/HIV co-infected patients who started sofosbuvir and daclatasvir from government free DAA program in 2017-2019. WHOQoL-HIV BREF and RAND SF-36 questionnaires were recorded at baseline and post-treatment week 12. Results145 patients with mean age of 37.8 years (SD=4.2) were included in the analysis. Most of patients were male (89%), previous IVDU (89%), active smoker (50.4%) and non-cirrhosis (80%). SVR12 was achieved in 95.5% of patients. Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatments showed positive impacts on 4 domains of WHOQoL-HIV BREF and 3 domains of SF-36. Predicting factors of significant increase in each domain were: male and normal body mass index (BMI) for level of independence (RR 4.01,95% CI 1.09-14.74 and 4.80,95% CI 1.79-12.81); higher HCV-RNA for overall perception of QoL (RR 0.42,95% CI 0.18-0.94); non-smoking status for overall perception of health (RR 0.32,95% CI 0.15-0.66); male and fibrosis stage 0-1 for general health (6.21,95% CI 1.69-22.88 and 2.86,95% CI 1.16-7.00). Spiritual/personal belief decline was predicted by non-smoking status (RR 0.49,95% CI 0.24-0.98). Treatment success was not associated with any changes of HR-QoL.ConclusionsHCV/HIV co-infected patients were successfully treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir and experienced improvement of HRQoL 12 weeks after treatment completion.