Background: Acute myocardial infarction includes STEMI and NSTEMI. In STEMI and NSTEMI, an increase in cardiac biomarkers especially troponin I and CK-MB are affected by the ischemic process. In STEMI thrombus blocks the entire artery lumen while in NSTEMI thrombus does not block the entire artery lumen. This can lead to different ischemic processes. Aim: To prove the differences in troponin I and CK-MB values in acute myocardial infarction patients with ST-elevation and without ST- elevation. Methods: An observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design was conducted between April and September 2020. The total sample of the study was 48 samples, consists of 25 samples with STEMI and 23 samples with NSTEMI. The normality test was analyzed using  Shapiro-Wilk test. The difference test was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Mean troponin I values of STEMI and NSTEMI patients were 30.40 ± 20.79 ng/mL; 1.38 ± 1.76 ng/mL, respectively. Mean CK-MB values in STEMI and NSTEMI patients were 386.12 ± 319.70 U/L; 42.39 ± 27.54 U/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in troponin I and CK-MB values (p respectively 0.00; 0.00) in STEMI patients compared to NSTEMI patients. Conclusion: There were differences in troponin I and CK-MB values between STEMI and NSTEMI patients. The troponin I and CK-MB values in STEMI patients were higher than in NSTEMI patients.

Background: Associated with sepsis is the illness known as acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI may be mediated by uric acid, and blood creatinine levels can be utilized to diagnose the condition to measure kidney function. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is a traditional medicine that has flavonoid compounds that can reduce creatinine levels and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors which can reduce uric acid levels.Objective: Septic model rats generated by lipopolysaccharide were used to test the effects of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf extract on serum creatinine and uric acid levels (LPS).Methods: This study was experimental employing 25 rats split into 5 groups as the post-test alone control group: healthy control with standard feed (HC), negative control with LPS injection(NC), Treatment (T)1 (A.Paniculata 200 mg/kgBW+LPS), T2(A.paniculata 400 mg/kgBW+LPS), and T3(A.paniculata 500mg/kgBW+ LPS). A.paniculata leaf extract was given via oral gavage on day 8-21. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS 5 mg/kgBW was given on day 22. On the 25th day, the blood serum was analyzed for creatinine levels using Jaffe method and uric acid was analyzed using the enzymatic photometric method. One-way analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis) and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the data.Results: The mean creatinine levels of HC,NC,T1,T2,T3 were 0.7±0.01;3.5±0.04;2.9±0.03;1.9±0.05; 1.3 ±0.04 mg/dl respectively. The mean uric acid levels of HC.NC.T1.T2.T3 were 1.7±0.05;8.2±0.11; 4.5±0.03;4.0±0.12;3.0±0.19 mg/dl respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in creatinine levels in groups T2(p=0.031) and T3(p=0.001) to NC group and serum uric acid levels in groups T1(p<0.001), T2(p<0.001), and T3(p<0.001) to NC group which creatinine and uric acid levels were lower than NC group.Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata leaf extract has renoprotective effect against AKI in LPS-induced septic ratsKeywords: Andrographis paniculata, creatinine, uric acid, lipopolysaccharide, AKI, sepsis

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin are acute-phase reactants that have demonstrated association with the severity of a variety of inflammation-mediated illnesses, including infection and sepsis. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf is traditionally used as an anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial herb. Sambiloto leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, immuno-stimulatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activitiesObjective: To evaluate the effect of Sambiloto leaf extract (Andrographis paniculata) on inflammation biomarker (CRP and serum ferritin) in a rat model of sepsis-induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods: This research was a true experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Twenty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups consisting of a healthy control (HC), Negative control (NC), Treatment 1 (T1) Sambiloto 200mg/kgBW, T2 Sambiloto 400mg/kgBW, T3 Sambiloto 500mg/kgBW). Sambiloto leaf extract was given on days 8-21 and LPS 5mg/kgBW was injected intraperitoneal on day 22. On the 25th day, blood was drawn and  CRP and serum ferritin levels were analyzed using ELISA method. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test.Results: The mean CRP levels of HC, NC, T1, T2,T3 were 7.72 ± 2.53; 8.12 ± 1.08; 5.22 ± 1.71; 6.40 ± 1.19; 5.14 ± 1.37 ng/dl respectively. The mean serum ferritin level of HC, NC, T1, T2, T3 were 293.60 ± 66.53; 601.20 ± 100.17; 433.40 ± 194.65; 331.60 ± 75.97; 318.00 ± 69.64 ng/dl respectively. There were differences in CRP levels in groups T1(p=0.012) and T3(p=0.010), serum ferritin levels in groups T2(p=0.014) and T3(p=0.008) to the control group.Conclusion: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf extract  has anti-inflammatory effects in the rat model of sepsis.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible damage to kidney function (GFR < 60 ml / minute / 1.73 m2). The function of the kidneys is to maintain stability, electrolyte level, osmolarity of extracellular fluid and excrete products such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. CKD disrupts electrolyte fluid balance and uremia, thus requiring renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or kidney transplantation. Different levels of urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride pre-and post-hemodialysis can be a consideration for the management of hemodialysis in CKD patients. This study aimed to determine the difference in urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride pre-and post-hemodialysis in CKD patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional analytical observational study of pre-and post hemodialysis conducted from September to October 2018. Normally distributed data were analyzed using the paired t-test, while data that were not normally distributed were Pendahuluan: Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) merupakan kerusakan fungsi ginjal yang progresif dan ireversibel (LFG < 60 ml / menit / 1.73 m 2). Ginjal memiliki peran mempertahankan stabilitas volume, komposisi elektrolit, osmolaritas cairan ekstraseluler serta mengekskresikan produk seperti urea, asam urat dan kreatinin. PGK menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan cairan elektrolit dan uremia, sehingga memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal berupa dialisis atau transplantasi ginjal. Perbedaan kadar ureum, natrium, kalium, dan klorida pra dan paska hemodialisa dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk pengelolaan pelayanan hemodialisa pada pasien PGK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan kadar ureum, natrium, kalium, dan klorida pra dan paska hemodialisa pada pasien dengan PGK. Metode: Ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik potong lintang (cross sectional) pra dan paska hemodialisa pada periode September-Oktober 2018. Data dengan distribusi normal analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. It was considered significant when the p-value was < 0.05. Results: There was a total of 50 patients consisting of 30 males (60.0%) and 20 females (40.0%). The mean age of the patients was 51.10 ± 7.48 years. The level of pre-hemodialysis urea (161.96 ± 53.80 mg / dL) was significantly different from post-hemodialysis (120.70 ± 40.84 mg / dL). The level of pre-hemodialysis sodium (134.5 mmol / L) was significantly different from post-hemodialysis (140 mmol / L). The level of pre-hemodialysis potassium (5.6 mmol / L) was significantly different from post-hemodialysis (4.6 mmol / L). The level of pre-hemodialysis chloride (100 mmol / L) was significantly different from post-hemodialysis (96 mmol / L). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride between pre-and post-hemodialysis (p < 0.05).