Objectives:To observe the prevalence of malaria, dengue, and chikungunya and their association with mosquito breeding sites.Methods:The study was observational and analytical. A total of 162 houses and 670 subjects were observed during the study period. One hundred forty-two febrile patients were eligible for the study. After obtaining informed consent from all febrile patients, 140 blood samples were collected to diagnose malaria, dengue, and chikungunya. Larval samples were collected by the standard protocol that follows. Correlation of data was performed by Pearson correlation test.Results:Forty-seven blood samples were found positive: 33 for chikungunya, 3 for dengue, and 11 for malaria. Fifty-one out of 224 larval samples were found positive. Out of the 51 positive samples, 37 were positive for Aedes, 12 were positive for Anopheles, and two were positive for Culex larvae.Interpretation and Conclusion:Mosquito-borne fevers, especially malaria, dengue, and chikungunya, have shown a significant relationship with mosquito breeding sites.

Background and objectivesOne of the greatest challenges of health care systems at the dawn of the 21st century is tuberculosis (TB). Drug resistant strains of TB are becoming a global public health risk. These strains commonly appear due to faulty therapies. Patients frequently stop treatment due to the toxicity of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) drugs. Amla (Emblica officinalis) is a well-known Unani single drug. Jawarish amla is a Unani compound formulation which is commonly used to administer amla. This study tested the efficacy of Jawarish amla as an adjuvant to ATT drugs in reducing their side effects.Methodology:Half of forty eligible pulmonary tuberculosis patients were randomly assigned to Test (Group B) and the other half to Control (Group A). Six grams of Jawarish amla twice daily was administered to the test group, and the same dosage of placebo was administered to control group along with directly observed treatment, short course chemotherapy (DOTS) for 60 days. Fisher exact test and paired t-test were applied for efficacy evaluation. Grading of symptoms was done to assess the toxicity of ATT and outcome of the adjuvant.Results and discussion:Significant improvements were observed in almost all subjective and objective parameters. The exceptions were serum creatine and serum uric acid, which showed non-significant slight elevations within normal limits.Conclusion:Jawarish amla was ascertained to be safe and effective adjuvant of DOTS in combating the adverse effects of ATT drugs.

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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly around the world. The ageing of the overall population is a significant driver of the diabetes epidemic. Diabetes in older adults is linked to higher mortality, reduced functional status, and increased risk of institutionalization. Nutrition is an integral part of diabetes care for all ages, but there are additional considerations for older adults with diabetes. The Unani system of medicine believes that a physician is not the healer but an assistant to nature Tabiyat (physique) of the body, which is the true healer hence the diet should be in accordance with it. Diets have been mentioned according to various stages of life to maintain the digestive system at its best.

Preventable otological diseases/conditions have been found to be significant health problem amongst children. The most common ear problems found among school children are impacted wax, acute and chronic suppurative otitis media, hearing impairment and foreign bodies etc . The present study was a cross sectional conducted in 546 school children of either gender upto 8th standard in age group of 5-15 years for ear diseases/conditions, in three selected schools in the field area of NIUM, Bengaluru, in one year duration. A pretested and semi structured questionnaire was designed in such a manner that more information regarding demographic profile, assessment of various otological diseases/disorders and associa ted risk factors in children could be collected. The present study revealed that 352 (64.47%) were found having otological conditions. Among them otological conditions were found in 121 (34.37%) and 231 (65.62%) in age group of 5-10 and 11-15 years respectively. Out of total number of enrolled students 319 (58.42%) were girls and 227 (41.58%) were boys. Among them otological conditions were found in 212 (60.23%) girls and in140 (39.77%) in boys. In the present study otological conditions were found more in females than males and more affected children were from l ower socioeconomic status. The present study showed that female gender, higher age group and lower socioeconomic status were the risk factors for various otological conditions. Further it was revealed that there was strong relationship between otological conditions and school children; it was also revealed that some risk factors, like female gender, higher age group and lower socioeconomic status are directly related to otological conditions in school children.