Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare and still poorly understood immune-mediated disease that may cause inflammation from circulating autoantibodies against the retina. It may be related to history of autoimmune disease in the patient or in a family member or the presence of neoplastic disease in the individual. The disease may be subdivided into paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic AIR. When related to melanoma, it is referred to as MAR, and when related to other cancers, it is called CAR. The exact prevalence of AIR is unknown. It mainly affects older adults. Patients present with bilateral and asymmetric scotomas, photopsias, visual field defects, with rapidly progressive visual loss in late onset. In the initial stage, fundus examination is unremarkable, and in late stages, there is limited retinal epitheliopathy and vascular attenuation, with or without optic disc pallor, associated or not with intraocular inflammation and with no evidence of degenerative retinal disease. A clinical investigation with detailed anamnesis and laboratory tests should be performed to search for an associated neoplasm. Ophthalmologic and complementary examinations such as full-field electroretinogram, optical coherence tomography, visual field and fundus autofluorescence, help the diagnosis. Blood tests to search for autoantibodies should be requested. Management consists of prolonged immunosuppression, which may be combined with antioxidant vitamins. In general, the prognosis is uncertain, so the disease still needs to be better understood. More studies should be performed to improve diagnostic measures and define specific management that could preserve or even restore vision.

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Objectives: To report the evaluation of keratoconus progression after Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. Materials and Methods:In this retrospective study, we evaluated progression in eyes with keratoconus after intrastromal corneal ring segments implant. It was considered progression when the increase of the maximum keratometry was greater than 1 diopter (D) when comparing the first postoperative exam (6 months), and the last exam.Results: There was no progression after the surgery. when comparing the mean maximum keratometry pre-op (46.75D) and the pos op data (46.01D), with statistically significant (p-value: 0.047). An increase of less than 1 D in these patients was also observed.In a descriptive analysis, 41 eyes were studied: 8 eyes had an increase greater than 1 D, 19 eyes had an increase equal or less than 1 D and 14 eyes maintained the initial D or had decreased within the years. Analyzing patients ≤ 21 years, the variation of maximum keratometry between 6 months postoperatively was higher in this group (1.82 D ± 3.11) than in the group with more than 21 years (0.5 D ± 1.27). This data was not statistically significant (p = 0.148). Conclusion:This study showed an evolution of maximum keratometry in the postoperative period of the intrastromal ring surgery.However, this increase in the stipulated time of the study was less than 1 D in the majority of patients.

Macular hole is an idiopathic condition in most of the cases, it may also occur in retinal detachment, uveitis or after trauma. Optical coherence tomography analyses the vitreomacular interface, and according to the International Vitreomacular Traction Study, it defines and classify as adhesion, traction, or macular hole. Idiopathic full thickness macular hole (FTMH) a surgical procedure is needed to ensure its closure almost in all cases. Spontaneous closure happens mostly in Stage 1 or traumatic condition. We report a spontaneous closure of a Stage 2 idiopathic FTMH and partial reorganization in the photoreceptor layer documented by spectral domain optical coherence tomography after 6 months’ observation.