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A BSTRACT Background: Cerebrovascular disease is the second most common cause of death in people more than 60 years of age. Predicting the outcome of the stroke is a great challenge for physicians. Various risk factors such as age, sex, co-morbidities, smoking and alcohol habits, type of stroke, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and others play the role in the outcome of stoke. Aim: To assess the degree of impact of NIHSS score in comparison to the other traditional risk factors on the functional outcome and 30-day mortality by mRS in the patients with acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and age more than 18 years were included. Their admission NIHSS score and the 30-day mRS were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups as survivors and non-survivors. Results: The mean age of survivors and non-survivors was 59.77 ± 10.99 and 65.58 ± 6.67 years, respectively. The NIHSS score on day 1 for non-survivors was 21.21 ± 8.21, and almost half of this score was seen in survivors. The NIHSS score on day 1 had a significant association with mortality with a relative risk of 0.79 (95% CI = 0.70–0.89). The NIHSS score has 73.7% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity with cutoff value of 15.5 for discriminating the outcome of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: The NIHSS and mRS scales are simple, validated, easily applicable, and reliable tools for assessing the mortality and the functional outcome of ischemic stroke patients.

Background: The corpus callosum (CC) is a connecting bridge between two cerebral hemispheres and helps in interhemispheric integration of information. Purpose: The primary objective of the study is to explain the topographical position of CC in relation to the brain in the South Indian population, contributing to the reference values of measurements of CC, which helps in planning surgical interventions. Also, the reference values help in cross-referencing with other populations and ethnic group. Methods and Material: In the study, 40 formalin fixed, full brain specimens were cut in midsagittal plane and CC was measured along with its relation to the brain. The major diameters considered were longitudinal dimension of corpus callosum (LC), distance of CC from frontal pole to genu (AS), distance of CC occipital pole to splenium (PS), and longitudinal dimension of brain (LB) from frontal pole to occipital pole. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was carried with the mean, standard deviation, 95% CI, and the range measured for each measurement. The Pearson coefficient was evaluated between dimensions of brain and CC. Multivariate linear regression analysis was done to correlate between LB as a dependent variable, and LC, vertical dimension of brain (CD), and PS as independent variables. Results: Pearson’s ratio showed a positive correlation between LB and PS (0.61), and also between LB and LC (0.59). The ratio of LC/LB was 0.45 and LC/CD was 0.69, which are stable in all brains studied. Conclusions: The study concludes that CC maintains a stable proportion with its parts (genu, rostrum, body, and splenium) and with the horizontal dimension of the brain. Further, measured values help in cross-referencing with other population.

Cadaveric dissection is a unique and unrivalled educational tool that allows students in medicine and associated life sciences to explore spatial three-dimensional anatomy, principles of structure and related function, and anatomical variations, including pathological alterations. Human tissue dissection enables researchers to comprehend the variety that exists in life that cannot be appreciated through the literature or artificial specimens. Using cadavers is the best way to simulate surgical and anatomical teaching. A cadaver has been shown to imitate surgical and anatomical training better than any other existing method. By the use of soft embalming approaches, cadavers have become more realistic and training-friendly. The main aim of this review is to describe various innovative and recent cadaver preservation techniques in detail, which can help anatomists to modify the techniques in their institute for gross anatomy teaching and surgical training or workshops to get a lifelike cadaver.