IntroductionTransitions in Care (TiC) are vulnerable periods in care delivery associated with adverse events, increased cost and decreased patient satisfaction. Patients with cancer encounter many transitions during their care journey due to improved survival rates and the complexity of treatment. Collectively, improving TiC is particularly important among patients with cancer. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise and map the existing literature regarding TiC among patients with cancer in order to explore opportunities to improve TiC among patients with cancer.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-Scoping Review Extension and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The PubMed cancer filter and underlying search strategy will be tailored to each database (Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO) and combined with search terms for TiC. Grey literature and references of included studies will be searched. The search will include studies published from database inception until 9 February 2020. Quantitative and qualitative studies will be included if they describe transitions between any type of healthcare provider or institution among patients with cancer. Descriptive statistics will summarise study characteristics and quantitative data of included studies. Qualitative data will be synthesised using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationOur objective is to synthesise and map the existing evidence; therefore, ethical approval is not required. Evidence gaps around TiC will inform a programme of research aimed to improve high-risk transitions among patients with cancer. The findings of this scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and widely presented at academic conferences. More importantly, decision makers and patients will be provided a summary of the findings, along with data from a companion study, to prioritise TiC in need of interventions to improve continuity of care for patients with cancer.

Examining extraocular eye movements is important in assessing nerve health and possible injuries as they pertain to the anatomy of the eye. The anatomy of the orbit and the function of the six extraocular muscles of the eye is a challenging and frequently misunderstood concept amongst medical trainees. In gross anatomy, educators have employed simple teaching tools such as balloons and static models to represent the relevant anatomy and help explain these difficult concepts. Absent from this education, however, is a movable, interactive and accurate model of the eye that demonstrates activation of the muscles along with the resultant movement of the globe of the eye. The goal of this project is thus to create a functional and high‐fidelity model of the extraocular muscular movements of the human eye, or simply an “ophthalmotrope”, to assist medical students with their anatomical understanding of this concept. A further goal is to ensure that this ophthalmotrope is fabricated from low‐cost and accessible materials as to ensure its reproducibility and use at schools where costs of pre‐fabricated plastic models is prohibitive. The final goal of this project is to investigate learning outcomes and student perceptions of this new teaching tool compared with those that have been employed previously at Ross University. Such outcomes will be measured through surveys and by a comparison of grades between two student groups, one with the teaching resource and one without the resource. We hypothesize that the addition of this new eye model will result in an increase in student performance on orbit anatomy related questions in both practical and written tests along with a qualitatively reported increase in understanding and confidence with the relevant anatomy.

Acquisition of surgical skill is a multifaceted process, in which practice, and innate human factors such as spatial visualization ability (Vz) play key roles. Elevated Vz (HVz) is thought to facilitate surgical skill acquisition. The benefit of viewing laparoscopic skills in stereo (3D) is undetermined in experienced populations, and may show differing effects between those of variable Vz. The Vz of surgical residents will be evaluated using a Mental Rotations Test, and then surgical skill will be measured via the McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills (MISTELS). Participants will complete the MISTELS tasks in both 3D and monoscopic format (2D) while being randomly assigned to complete the task in either 2D first or 3D first. Scoring of the MISTELS is based on time, completion and efficiency. It is hypothesized that HVz individuals will score higher than LVz counterparts. Prior research in novice subjects suggests that the effects of 3D and 2D viewing yields variable results based on an individual’s Vz, such that LVz trainees may benefit more than HVz from 3D viewing after a period of experience. If 3D viewing enhances surgical skill in our subjects, it may suggest future use in laparoscopic training curricula. Comparison of current results with those of novice subjects may suggest the intervening effects of experience on the effect of Vz and/or viewing modality.