Sex cord-stromal tumours are a group of tumours derived from the stromal component of the ovary and testis that comprise granulosa, thecal, Sertoli, and Leydig cells as well as fibrocytes. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs) are rare ovarian neoplasms, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers arising from this organ. They differ in size; some might be very small, while some of them are huge (from < 1 cm to 35 cm). Most SLCTs are unilateral and may be functionally diverse. Approximately one-fifth of SLCTs may contain various heterologous elements, e.g. gastric or intestinal-like epithelium or malignant parts. Women with SLCTs may suffer from hormonal disturbances, manifest high alpha-fetoprotein, CA125, and testosterone levels and may suffer from virilisation, oligomenorrhoea, hirsutism, acne, voice changes, clitoris hypertrophy, or alopecia. However, those symptoms do not occur in every case. Diagnosis of SLCTs is not easy, due to its rarity and varied presentation. Even though SLCTs are rare tumours, they should always be considered as a possibility, even in patients at different ages (typically 20-30 years old) without raised markers and hormonal disturbances. In this manuscript we report a case of SLCT, 15 cm in diameter, with low marker levels and lacking hormonal disturbances, found in a 36-year-old female.
Abstract:There are a lot of factors affecting the release of hormones from the anterior part of pituitary gland and their interactions with other parts of the endocrine, nervous and immune systems. The special significance of the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle of the rat, during which LH and FSH levels increase, followed by ovulation is known. The short length of the estrous cycle and the well recognized sequence of vaginal lavage cytology make it useful for investigating the influence of a stressful environment on the reproductive function. Short duration and mild changes in environmental conditions is considered as a factor analogous to psychological stress. The study was undertaken to determine the effects of a short duration change in the ambient temperature and oxygenation (30 minutes) on the proestrus phase of reproductive cycle and on the repeatability and regularity of phases of the reproductive cycle of Wistar strain rats. The animals were kept under standard conditions and had food and water available ad libitum. The climatic chamber with automatically adjustable and monitored internal parameters (temperature, oxygenation, humidity) was used to develop stress conditions. An estimation of the vaginal lavage using the microscope was done to determine the estrous cycle. The animals were divided into 6 groups. On the day of experiment: the control group (CG) stayed in the climatic chamber for 30 minutes (ambient temperature 21°C, normoxia -21% O 2 ), the five test groups (TG -I -V) remained in the climatic chamber for 30 minutes, in the established environmental conditions (I -21°C, 10% O 2 ; II -10°C, 21% O 2 ; III -10°C, 10% O 2 ; IV -35°C, 21% O 2 ; V -35°C, 10% O 2 ). During the following days after the experiment, a microscopic estimation of vaginal lavage was collected over again. There were no changes of duration and sequence of the present estrous cycle and repeatability of the next cycles. Our results indicate that short duration change in the ambient conditions do not cause a disturbance in the hypothalamo -pituitary -gonadal axis, although it can activate adaptation mechanisms of the organism.
Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) is an example of a partial hysterectomy, performed due to benign gynaecological complaints. Better endoscopic instruments and operational techniques have led to a great reduction in the number of abdominal hysterectomies. It is believed that LSH is a safe and minimally invasive hysterectomy technique. The Cochrane Database meta-analysis proves the benefits of minimally invasive surgery compared with abdominal gynaecological surgery, including decreased pain, surgical-site infections and hospital stay, quicker return to activity, and fewer postoperative adhesions. According to recent publications, the overall complication rate of all hysterectomy methods is about 1-4.5%. Adnexal torsion is a correlated complication. About 3-5% of patients undergoing emergency surgery due to pelvic pain are diagnosed with this condition. It may be the cause of acute abdomen and correlated symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, or severe pain.To the best of our knowledge a case of asymptomatic, delayed ovarian torsion mimicking ovarian tumour has not been reported so far. In the presented case, torsion successfully imitated neoplastic process as both ROMA score and IOTA ‘simple rules’ indicated a malignancy with high degree of probability. This case demonstrates that, if ovarian tumour is detected in the postoperative period, a torsion of ovarian pedicle should be taken into consideration as it may mimic malignant neoplasm.
StreszczenieMięśniaki macicy są jedną z najczęściej występujących chorób żeńskiego narządu płciowego. Mogą powodować nieprawidłowe i obfite krwawienia z dróg rodnych oraz ból w okolicy miednicy mniejszej. Dolegliwości te są główną przyczyną konsultacji ginekologicznych. Możliwości farmakologicznego leczenia mięśniaków macicy są ograniczone. Na podstawie dotychczas przeprowadzonych badań oceniono skuteczność leczenia objawów mięśniaków macicy przy zastosowaniu: progestagenów, systemu wewnątrzmacicznego uwalniającego lewonorgestrel, leków antyfibrynolitycznych, niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych (NLPZ), analogów gonadoliberyny (gonadotropin-releasing hormone -GnRH) oraz selektywnych modulatorów receptora progesteronowego (selective progesterone receptor modulators -SPRM). Na rynku dostępnych jest niewiele leków, które mają zarejestrowane wskazanie terapeutyczne w leczeniu objawów mięśniaków macicy. Należą do nich analogi GnRH oraz od niedawna octan uliprystalu (SPRM). Leczenie analogami GnRH stanowiące alternatywę dla leczenia zabiegowego okazało się niezadowalające. Okres terapii nie może być dłuższy niż 6 miesięcy z powodu gwał-townej demineralizacji kości związanej ze zmniejszeniem stężenia estrogenów. Po odstawieniu analogów GnRH dochodzi do ponownego wzrostu mięśniaków, niemal do rozmiarów zbliżonych sprzed okresu leczenia, oraz do nawrotu objawów u większości kobiet.Octan uliprystalu może okazać się realną alternatywą terapeutyczną dla trudnych technicznie zabiegów miomektomii laparoskopowej czy embolizacji tętnic macicznych. Ważnym wyróżnikiem tego leku jest utrzymujący się efekt terapeutyczny oraz korzystny profil bezpieczeństwa. Wyniki przeprowadzonych dotychczas badań wskazują, że po zakończeniu leczenia u około połowy pacjentek odstąpiono od zabiegu chirurgicznego. U pacjentek w okresie obserwacji klinicznej po zaprzestaniu leczenia octanem uliprystalu utrzymała się poprawa w zakresie kontroli krwawienia, odczuwanego bólu i jakości życia.Miomektomia jest wskazana tylko w przypadku objawowych mięśniaków macicy, w zależności od ich wielkości i liczby. Może być wykonana endoskopowo lub na drodze laparotomii. Zakres i metoda leczenia powinny uwzględnić nie tylko obecność objawów klinicznych, ale także oczekiwania kobiet pragnących zachować płod-ność i poczucie kobiecości, które subiektywnie wiąże się z faktem posiadania macicy.Słowa kluczowe: mięśniaki macicy, leczenie, octan uliprystalu. SummaryUterine fibroids are one of the most common pathologies of the female reproductive system, which may cause abnormal, heavy bleeding and pelvic pain. These ailments often prompt women to consult their gynecologists. Pharmacotherapeutic options in uterine fibroids are limited. The studies conducted so far have assessed the efficacy of progestogens, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, antifibrinolytic agents, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, GnRH analogues and Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators (SPRMs) in the treatment of fibroid symptoms. Few agents available on the market have been approved ...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.