Inflammation markers such as NLR, PLR, and CRP are predictors of clinical outcome and could provide additional information to individualize treatment.

The article presents changeability of renal resistive index (RRI) in various cardiovascular diseases and considers the usefulness of the marker and interpretational difficulties of the index. The values of RRI are not specific to an individual disease, but in a selected group of patients, it seems to be a perfect marker of cardiovasculorenal changes and a predictor of rapid loss of a renal function. The RRI usually does not reflect the vascular resistance, but is dependent on total and local vascular bed compliance changing with age, in the course of consecutive diseases and the influence of drugs. Under specific conditions, RRI appears to be a good marker of vascular damage. This review summarizes current concepts in RRI interpretation against the cardiovascular pathologies, focusing on the vascular damage association with regard to the complex nature of RRI value variability.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common kidney malignancies. An upgraded comprehension of the molecular biology implicated in the development of cancer has stimulated an increase in research and development of innovative antitumor therapies. The aim of the study was to analyze the medical literature for hypertension and renal toxicities as the adverse events of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway inhibitor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Relevant studies were identified in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Eligible studies were phase III and IV prospective clinical trials, meta-analyses and retrospective studies that had described events of hypertension or nephrotoxicity for patients who received anti-VEGF therapy. A total of 48 studies were included in the systematic review. The incidence of any grade hypertension ranged from 17% to 49.6%. Proteinuria and increased creatinine levels were ascertained in 8% to 73% and 5% to 65.6% of patients, respectively. These adverse events are most often mild in severity but may sometimes lead to treatment discontinuation. Nephrotoxicity and hypertension are related to multiple mechanisms; however, one of the main disturbances in those patients is VEGF inhibition. There is a significant risk of developing hypertension and renal dysfunction among patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment; however, there is also some evidence that these side effects may be used as biomarkers of response to antiangiogenic agents.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare aggressive lymphoid neoplasm occurring in about 3–7 % of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. Although lymphomas infiltrations are recognized in about half of post-mortem studies, in available literature we found only eight cases of mantle cell lymphoma with renal involvement. Five of them present MCL related glomerulonephritis, two show renal MCL infiltration with acute kidney injury and the last one describes MCL infiltration with acute tubulo-intrerstitial nephritis. We present the first case of a patient with the coexistence of renal mantle cell lymphoma infiltration, subacute membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and acute kidney injury.

BackgroundIn recent years there have been attempts to treat sepsis using various methods of extracorporeal blood purification in order to eliminate selected mediators of inflammation.Material/MethodsThis retrospective study assessed 28 patients (17 males, 11 females, age 60.3 ± 14.5 years) in septic shock, treated with continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Oligoanuric patients with acute kidney injury were qualified for 24-hour CVVHD using high cut-off (HCO) hemofilter. Before the start of dialysis and after 24 hours of treatment, the concentration levels of selected cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12) in serum were assessed. After 12 hours and 24 hours of treatment, the concentration of the same cytokines in the dialysis fluid was assessed. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of HCO-CVVHD in the removal of selected cytokines.ResultsAfter 24-hour HCO-CVVHD treatment, IL-10 and IL-12 levels in serum were significantly lower. Concentrations of INF-α, IL-1β and IL-2 in dialysis fluid significantly increased during HCO-CVVHD, which corresponded with the parallel rise of related clearances. Clearance of IL-6 was approximately four times higher than IL-10. The rise of IL-6 during HCO-CVVHD significantly correlated with mortality due to sepsis.ConclusionsContinuous venovenous hemodialysis using high cut-off hemofilter proved to be effective in the removal of IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 from serum in patients during septic shock. The rise of IL-6 during HCO-CVVHD seems to be a marker of bad prognosis in septic shock patients.