CÉLIO KERSUL DO SACRAMENTO 6 RESUMO -O declínio do mangostanzeiro (Garcinia mangostana L.) no litoral sul do Estado da Bahia é hoje o principal problema da cultura, sendo caracterizado por sintomas de murcha, amarelecimento, seca e queda de folhas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar a evolução da sintomatologia da doença, isolar e identificar os potenciais patógenos causadores do declínio do mangostanzeiro. A doença começa com a necrose das radículas, a qual atinge as raízes secundárias, primárias e progride até à base do tronco que desenvolve lesões necróticas extensas. Os sintomas secundários são clorose, murcha e queda das folhas. ETIOLOGY OF THE DECLINE OF MANGOSTEEN IN THE SOUTHERN BAHIAABSTRACT -The decline of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in the southern coast of the state of Bahia is today the main problem of the culture, being characterized by symptoms of wilting, yellowing, blight and defoliation. This study was aimed to follow the evolution of the symptoms of the disease, isolate and identify the possible pathogen of mangosteen decline. The disease begins in the roots and progresses toward the canopy, leading to plant death. Samples of infected tissue from diseased plants were taken to laboratory where the following fungal species were isolated and identified: Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. parva, Mycoleptodiscus sp., Rhizopus sp., Stilbella sp., Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma spp. Only Lasiodiplodia theobromae and L. parva were pathogenic to fragments of roots and stems in vitro and mangosteen seedlings in glass house, being the first species the more virulent. The taxonomy of the genus Lasiodiplodia and some conditions that influence the development of the disease in the field were analyzed.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fitopatógenos associados às helicônias na região Litoral Sul do estado da Bahia. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de raízes, folhas, flores e inflorescências de helicônias, no período de agosto/2006 a junho/2007, em plantios comerciais de flores tropicais nos seguintes municípios: Camamu, Ibirapitanga, Ilhéus, Itabuna, Ituberá, Uruçuca e Valença. As amostras por planta eram compostas por cinco hastes vegetativas, duas hastes reprodutivas e raízes; o material coletado era identificado e acondicionado em sacos plásticos e transportados para laboratório. A ocorrência ou não de doenças foi considerada por meio dos sintomas e/ou sinais em folhas (lesões foliares), pseudocaule (coloração e exsudatos), rizomas e raízes (coloração, podridão seca ou aquosa), sendo comparados com registros de outros estudos. Verificou-se que a maioria das doenças de origem fúngica identificada neste estudo ocorreu em folhas (73,46%), seguida pela ocorrência nas brácteas das inflorescências (22,37%) e em rizomas (4,17%). Foram encontrados uma espécie de alga (Cephaleuros virescens) e nove gêneros de fungos fitopatogênicos: Bipolaris sp., Cladosporium sp., Drechslera sp., Mycosphaerella sp., Pestalotiopsis sp. (folhas); Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Curvularia sp. (folhas e inflorescências), e Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (rizomas). A antracnose foi a doença de maior incidência e distribuição na região. Palavras-chave:Flores tropicais, Fungos, Antracnose.Phytopathogens associated with diseases of Heliconia spp., in commercial crops on the South Coast of Bahia. This study aimed survey were identified the major plant pathogens in heliconia production in Southen Bahia, Brazil. Heliconia root, leaf, flower and inflorescence samples were collected monthly from August/2006 to June/2007, in commercial tropical flower crops in the municipalities: Camamu, Ibirapitanga, Ilhéus, Itabuna, Ituberá, Uruçuca e Valença. Each plant sample contained five vegetative stocks, two reproductive stocks and roots which were placed in labeled plastic bags and taken to the laboratory. Presence or absence of disease was noted by signs and/or symptoms on leaves (leaf spots), pseudostem (coloration and exudates), rhizomes and roots (coloration, dry or soft rot) in comparison to previous disease reports. Most fungal diseases identified in this study were found on leaves (73.46%) followed by inflorescence bracts (22.37%) and on roots (4.17%). A total of nine fungal plant pathogens and one species of algae (Cephaleuros virescens) were noted on heliconia plants sampled. Foliar fungal pathogens were identified as: Bipolaris sp., Cladosporium sp., Drechslera sp., Mycosphaerella sp., Pestalotiopsis sp. On leaves and inflorescences: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Curvularia sp. were noted and on rhizomes only Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense occurred. Antracnose was the disease with the highest incidence and distribution in the region.

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Plant parasitic nematodes associated with bananas plantings in the south region of Bahia. Brazil is a major producer of fruits, and the State of Bahia is second largest bananas producer of bananas. However the cultivation of bananas (Musa spp.) has been showing yield losses due to inappropriate management practices and phytosanitary problems. Plant parasite nematodes are among the pathogens which can cause ham to this crop. As such, the objective of this work was to survey the plant-parasitic nematodes associated on crops of banana in 12 municipalities from the south region of Bahia in the period of December 2011 to November 2012. The nematodes found were Helicotylenchus multicinctus, H. dihystera, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Meloidogyne sp., Paratylenchus sp, Pratylenchus coffeae, Radopholus similis and Rotylenchulus reniformis. The highest population levels were H. multicinctus, R. similis and Meloidogyne spp. With 117.144,00, 18.648,00 e 16.498,00, respectively. Lack of knowledge of farmers about the nematoses, not adopting management practices and lack of technical assistance may explain the wide spread and high population levels of nematodes found.

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