Objective: Hereby we present the epidemiological and clinical profile of HIV-infected population before and during the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era from a tertiary care hospital in the Southeastern region of Brazil. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out, this involved the analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed with HIV-1/AIDS admitted to Hospital Escola Emílio Carlos, located in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: In both pre-HAART and HAART periods, HIV-1 infection was more prevalent in men. Heterosexuality and secondary education were associated with AIDS in the HAART period. Statistically significant association was only observed for co-infection with HIV-1/Hepatitis C in the pre-HAART era and the number of patients with opportunistic infection (OI) was lower in the HAART period. Among all OI it is worth mentioning pulmonary pneumocystosis, which despite being common in two periods, its occurrence was considerably greater in the pre-HAART era. Concerning the distribution of OIs according to the HIV-1 viral load and serial count of T CD4 + lymphocytes, a significant association was observed. The association between the number of deaths by OIs and death in the 1st year of diagnosis in the HAART treatment was significant. Conclusions: The clinical and epidemiological profile of a specialized HIV-1/AIDS center in Catanduva, Southeastern Brazilian region, is consistent with the epidemiology of AIDS in the country.
RESUMOObjetivo: revisar a literatura médica e analisar a formação do biofilme, sua regulação, seus mecanismos patogênicos e as implicações médicas relacionadas a ele, assim como abordar métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos das infecções causadas por bactérias formadoras de biofilme. Método: foi realizado um estudo de revisão narrativa através de levantamento bibliográfico com os descritores "biofilm", "implant infections", "antibiotic resistance", "medical device infections" e "chronic infections" nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Scielo. Conclusão: novas pesquisas nessa área e o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos capazes de tratar infecções por bactérias formadoras de biofilme são importantes a fim de evitar cirurgias corretoras que podem ter um impacto psicológico e físico para o paciente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: biofilme, bactérias, implante ABSTRACTObjective: to review the medical literature and analyze biofilm formation, its regulation, its patogenic mechanisms and medical implications related to it, as well as the diagnosis methods and therapy approaches of the infections caused by biofilm producers bacteria. Method: a study of narrative review was conducted through a literature review with the descriptors "biofilm", "implant infections", "antibiotic resistance", "medical device infections" and "chronic infections" in the Medline, Lilacs and Scielo data. Conclusion: new research on this area and the development of new medication capable of treating infections by biofilm producers bacteria are important to avoid correcting surgeries that might have a physical and psicological impact to the patient.
RESUMODeterminou-se a prevalência do vírus da hepatite C (HCV) em pacientes soropositivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). O estudo foi realizado no Hospital Emílio Carlos, Catanduva, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi efetuado estudo retrospectivo de dados clínico-laboratoriais, epidemiológicos e sociodemográficos de 600 pacientes atendidos em um hospital escola de nível terciário, no período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2007. A prevalência de a coinfecção HIV/HCV foi de 11,6 % (n = 70), com predomínio no sexo masculino (71,4 %) e média de idade de 43,2 anos, sendo 57,1 % da etnia caucasóide e 44,3 % de baixo nível de escolaridade. A transmissão do HIV/HCV pela via parenteral nos homens e via sexual nas mulheres foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,0005). O uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis foi também significante para o sexo masculino (p = 0,0208). A prevalência do HCV foi de 14,3 % do subtipo 1a e 11,4 % do 3a. Apesar de a prevalência da coinfecção no município de Catanduva ser inferior à média nacional, esta situação é ainda um problema importante nesta população, mesmo com a disponibilidade da TARV, necessitando-se de estratégias de controle e prevenção pelas autoridades públicas de saúde. Palavras-chave. co-infecção, genótipos, hepatite C, HIV.
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