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Substitution of monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon as active materials in photovoltaics with highly efficient perovskite materials is quite common. Although perovskite materials offer better flexibility, are cost-effective, and have higher conversion efficiency, they still require structural modifications for better performance. This study quantitatively investigates how mesoporous top surfaces improve the performance of methylammonium lead iodide ( C H 3 N H 3 P b I 3 ) perovskite solar cells. In fact, both the diameter and the depth of the pores have been tuned to achieve better performance. The performance is further optimized by replacing mesoporous active material with planar active material coated with mesoporous indium tin oxide (ITO). We have demonstrated that the proposed structure achieves the maximum conversion efficiency ( η ) of 27.43% with an open-circuit voltage ( V O C ) of 1.07 V and a short circuit current density ( J S C ) of 29.09 m A / c m 2 , with a fill factor (FF) of 88.10%.

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