RÉSUMÉ : L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer à l’exploration de l’arrière-plan historique du conceptualisme contemporain. Il suggère qu’un pas en avant peut être fait en direction d’une compréhension plus prometteuse de cet arrière-plan historique si nous portons notre attention, non pas sur la position ambiguë et controversée de Kant, mais sur la position non ambiguë de certains représentants du néokantisme classique. L’hypothèse défendue ici est que les critiques de l’esthétique transcendantale formulées par les néokantiens Paul Natorp (1854–1924) et Bruno Bauch (1877–1942) peuvent être considérées comme une source historique importante de ce que l’on appelle aujourd’hui le «content conceptualism» (en particulier dans la version qu’en a donnée McDowell), dans la mesure où elles impliquent directement l’idée que les contenus de la perception sont des contenus conceptuels.
Franz Brentano's works are not just full of deep and innovative insights into mind, world and values. His views also turned out to be highly influential upon several generations of students, who made them the basis of their own philosophical investigations, giving rise to what is known as the Brentano School (Albertazzi et al. 1996; Fisette & Fréchette 2007). In this chapter, I give a bird's eye view of the Brentano School from a rather historical perspective. My leading hypothesis is that one crucial factor explaining the rise of the school is Brentano's unique strategy, within the academic context of the time, to promote the revival of philosophy as a rigorous science. After a brief introduction, I reconstruct the three main phases in the school's development, namely Brentano's teaching in Würzburg (1866--73), his teaching in Vienna (1874--95), and Anton Marty's teaching in Prague (1880Prague ( --1913.
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