This study identifies and validates new criteria for response to first-line treatment in AL amyloidosis, based on their association with survival in large patient populations, and offers surrogate end points for clinical trials.

Although reduced within the past decade, the delay of diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency remains unacceptable. Recurrence of upper respiratory tract infection or pneumonia should lead to systematic evaluation of serum immunoglobulin.

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The outcome of treatment of AL amyloidosis with high-dose melphalan plus autologous stem-cell rescue was not superior to the outcome with standard-dose melphalan plus dexamethasone. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00344526 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).