Study DesignPreliminary experimental study using a rabbit spondylitis model.PurposeTo observe the ossification in a micro-environment containing live Mycobacterium tuberculosis transplanted with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in rabbits.Overview of LiteratureBMSCs differentiate to osteoblasts and then osteocytes during ossification. Mycobacterium tuberculosis does not affect BMSC growth in vitro.MethodsSix rabbits were divided into two groups of three rabbits. One group was positive for spondylitis tuberculosis by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathologically. The other group was positive by PCR and histopathologically. Both groups were treated using BMSC transplantation and anti-tuberculosis drugs. After 6 weeks, ossification was evaluated by enumerating the number of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and lesion level of calcium.ResultsMean number of osteoblasts was 207.00±31.00 in the first group and 220.33±73.46 in the second group. Mean number of intra-lesions osteocytes was in the first and second group was 18.33±30.04 and 31.00±26.87, respectively. Mean calcium level in the first group and second group was 2.94%±0.89% and 2.51%±0.13%, respectively. Total ossification score in the first and second group was 31.00 and 25.67, respectively.ConclusionsMycobacterium tuberculosis provides support for new bone formation by stimulating intra-lesion calcium metabolism. The microscopic environment containing live Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances ossification.

Direct Mycobacterium tuberculosis inoculation on rabbit vertebral body was used in rabbit spinal infection study. The potential spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the environment will be observed in order to create the conditions fulfilling biosafety aspects. Two groups of six New Zealand rabbits were treatment group (n=4) and control group (n=2). The treatment group had injection of 0.1 mL (107 cfu/mL) suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the vertebral body T12. They were incubated for 2 to 14 weeks. One rabbit per period of 2, 4, 6, and 14 weeks was euthanized to collect feces, urine, saliva, and tissue lesions. The control group had only feces, urine, and saliva to detect bacteria using AFB staining, culture, and PCR. Both two groups were kept in individual cages. They were put together in a large cage for 3 hours every day to interact with each other. AFB staining, culture, and radiological examination showed negative result, but in one rabbit, histopathological examination showed positive result and PCR examination in another rabbit of the treatment group. Spreading score was 1.05% and infected score was 0 (null). The procedure did not reveal the potential spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the environment.

A 10-months-old cross long hair cat named Casper with clinical symptom of vomiting mixed with slimy cat feed was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University to endoscopy examination and therapy. The owner believed that Casper ate a 5 cm long sewing needle a few days earlier. The history and physical examination were examined at DNA Clinic with symptoms of lack of appetite and becoming quieter and calmer. Radiogram showed the needle was in thorax area with a vertical needle penetrating the esophageal wall. Removal of the needle and observation of the esophagus area were done using endoscopy under general anesthesia. Using endoscopy, it was known that the needle was swallowed along with the sewing thread with position of all needles penetrating the esophagus wall and leaving a small amount of thread on the lumen. The needle was pulled back to the esophageal lumen by pulling the remaining thread and then both needle and the thread were pulled back out using an alligator grasping forceps that used through working channel. Therapy given after endoscopy was antibiotics and anti-emetics.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important class of stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs must express CD105, CD73, and CD90 and differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The beneficial effects of MSCs on bone remodeling are mainly provided by a paracrine effect. In bone regeneration, implanted hADMSCs secrete various osteoblast-activating factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), BMP-2, BMP-4, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and bone-related extracellular matrix proteins. The MSCs possess multipotent capabilities, paracrine, autocrine, and migration capacity to the tissue, directly initiating healing and regeneration with a specified standard. hADMSCs has demonstrated bone regenerative capabilities. DLX5 and RUNX2 as potential bone regeneration references by looking at the osteogenic cells of each source cell. The ability of hADMSC bone regeneration is higher than hUCBMSC due to the capacity of hADMSC osteogenesis which leads to bone and cartilage formation.

ABSTRAK Anak adalah asset penerus pembangunan bangsa yang perlu dijaga dan diperhatikan kebutuhannya.  Salah satu kebutuhan dasar anak yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah kebutuhan tidur.  Kebutuhan tidur pada anak bergantung pada usia anak.  Namun, kebutuhan pada anak harus mencakup kuantitas dan kualitas tidurnya.  Beberapa penelitian membuktikan pengaruh kualitas tidur terhadap kondisi kesehatan, baik psikologis (mental) maupun psikis. Beberapa penelitian juga membuktikan adanya hubungan antara kualitas tidur dan prestasi belajar pada anak. Anak-anak dan pengurus panti di panti asuhan Darussalam menyatakan belum pernah mendapatkan penyuluhan tentang manfaat tidur pada anak. Tujuan pemberian penyuluhan kesehatan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan anak tentang manfaat tidur pada anak di Panti Asuhan Darussalam Palembang.  Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan kesehatan dengan menggunakan leaflet dan power point.  Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan tentang manfaat tidur yang berkualitas pada anak panti asuhan Darussalam Palembang. Kata Kunci: Kualitas Tidur, Anak, Panti Asuhan ABSTRACT Children are the successor assets of national development that need to be need to be guarded and pay attention to their needs. One of the basic needs of children that need attention is the need of sleeping. The need of sleeping in children depends on the age of the child. However, the needs of children must include the quantity and quality of sleep. Several studies have proven the influence of sleep quality on health conditions, both psychological (mental) and psychological. Several studies have also proven the relationship between sleep quality and learning achievement toward children. The children and caretakers of the orphanage at the Darussalam orphanage Palembang had never received counseling about the benefits of sleeping toward children. The purpose of providing health counseling was expected to increase children's knowledge about the benefits of sleeping toward children at the Darussalam Orphanage in Palembang. The activities carried out were the health education using leaflets and power points. There was an increasing in knowledge about the benefits of sleeping quality at Darussalam orphanage Palembang. Keywords: Sleep quality, child, orhphanage