Background: Although undernutrition in children is widely recognized as a major health problem in Tanzania, region-specific prevalence data remain scarce. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of stunting and thinness among primary-school-aged children in a village in the Arusha region in Tanzania, with the aim of developing a targeted nutritional support program. Methods: In the present school-based cross-sectional study, anthropometric measurements were obtained for all children (n = 1,379) who attended Baraa primary school in the Baraa village located at the transition between a rural and urban area in the Arusha region.

Objective and Importance Boerhaave's syndrome is a sudden and rare form of oesophageal rupture and is often complicated by local or systemic infection of the mediastinum or pleural cavity. Several micro-organisms are documented as cause of pleural empyema in patients with Boerhaave's syndrome. Intervention (& Technique) We report on a previously healthy 74-year-old male who was admitted at a regional hospital with severe retrosternal and abdominal pain after an episode of vigorous vomiting the morning after ingestion of large quantity of beer. A CT-scan confirmed the diagnosis of Boerhaave's syndrome, an oesophageal stent was placed and a left-sided pleural empyema necessitated chest tube drainage. Pleural fluid samples were cultured every two days and were positive for Proteus mirabilis on day 2 after admission and for Saccharomyces cerevisiae on day 8 after admission. Intravenous fluconazole 800 mg per day was added to the antibacterial treatment. Pleural fluid culture became negative for P. mirabilis on day 23 and for S. cerevisiae on day 13. Recurrent empyema necessitated intrapleural thrombolysis. The patient could be discharged from the ICU after 43 days, from the normal ward to a rehabilitation centre after an additional 13 days. Conclusion Pleural empyema caused by S. cerevisiae, commonly known as 'Brewers' yeast', has never been described in such patients. Our case illustrates that clinicians should be aware of infection with S. cerevisiae after oesophageal perforation, soon after ingestion of beer. Adequate antimycotic treatment was successful and led to negative culture of pleural fluid after 5 days.