Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading facilitates both consumers and prosumers to exchange energy without depending on an intermediate medium. This system makes the energy market more decentralized than before, which generates new opportunities in energy-trading enhancements. In recent years, P2P energy trading has emerged as a method for managing renewable energy sources in distribution networks. Studies have focused on creating pricing mechanisms for P2P energy trading, but most of them only consider energy prices. This is because of a lack of understanding of the pricing mechanisms in P2P energy trading. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of pricing mechanisms for energy and network service prices in P2P energy trading, based on the recent advancements in P2P. It suggests that pricing methodology can be categorized by trading process in two categories, namely energy pricing and network service pricing (NSP). Within these categories, network service pricing can be used to identify financial conflicts, and the relationship between energy and network service pricing can be determined by examining interactions within the trading process. This review can provide useful insights for creating a P2P energy market in distribution networks. This review work provides suggestions and future directions for further development in P2P pricing mechanisms.

Hydrogen is a source of clean energy as it can produce electricity and heat with water as a by-product and no carbon content is emitted when hydrogen is used as burning fuel in a fuel cell. Hydrogen is a potential energy carrier and powerful fuel as it has high flammability, fast flame speed, no carbon content, and no emission of pollutants. Hydrogen production is possible through different technologies by utilizing several feedstock materials, but the main concern in recent years is to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from energy sectors. Hydrogen production by thermochemical conversion of biomass and greenhouse gases has achieved much attention as researchers have developed several novel thermochemical methods which can be operated with low cost and high efficiency in an environmentally friendly way. This review explained the novel technologies which are being developed for thermochemical hydrogen production with minimum or zero carbon emission. The main concern of this paper was to review the advancements in hydrogen production technologies and to discuss different novel catalysts and novel CO2-absorbent materials which can enhance the hydrogen production rate with zero carbon emission. Recent developments in thermochemical hydrogen production technologies were discussed in this paper. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis, steam methane reforming, and thermal plasma are promising thermochemical processes which can be further enhanced by using catalysts and sorbents. This paper also reviewed the developments and influences of different catalysts and sorbents to understand their suitability for continuous clean industrial hydrogen production.

The lead halide-based perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the photovoltaic industry due to their high efficiency, easy manufacturing, lightweight, and low cost. However, these lead halide-based perovskite solar cells are not manufactured commercially due to lead-based toxicity. To investigate lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), we investigated a novel Cs3Bi2I9-based perovskite configuration in SCAPS-1D software using different hole transport layers (HTLs). At the same time, WS2 is applied as an electron transport layer (ETL). Comparative analysis of the various design configurations reveals that ITO/WS2/Cs3Bi2I9/PEDOT:PSS/Au offers the best performance with 20.12% of power conversion efficiency (PCE). After optimizing the thickness, bandgap, defect density, and carrier density, the efficiency of the configuration is increased from 20.12 to 24.91%. Improvement in other performance parameters such as short circuit current (17.325 mA/cm2), open circuit voltage (1.5683 V), and fill factor (91.66%) are also observed after tuning different attributes. This investigation indicates the potential application of Cs3Bi2I9 as a lead-free and stable perovskite material that can contribute to improving the renewable energy sector.

CO2 capture, use, and storage have been identified as significant strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions induced by the usage of fossil fuels. The current review focuses on the concepts of post-combustion capture technologies based on absorption mechanisms. Among all other developed technologies, researchers have proposed absorption as the most mature carbon capture technology for industrial-scale application. Absorption-based carbon capture can be classified into chemical and physical absorption, and researchers have developed different solvents and absorbent materials to investigate their performance in CO2 capture. This paper comprehensively reviewed these established solvents and absorbents with their performance parameters in the CO2 absorption approach. Besides the improvement in widely applied absorbents such as amine-based absorbents, recently, researchers have been working to develop some advanced nanomaterials such as nanofluids and nano-emulsions. This review focuses on the application of such absorption mechanisms that can contribute to capturing CO2 in a compact, environment-friendly, and safe way. This paper also provides future research direction for further development in absorption-based CO2 capture.

In recent years, the increasing energy requirement and consumption necessitates further improvement in energy storage technologies to obtain high cycling stability, power and energy density, and specific capacitance. Two-dimensional metal oxide nanosheets have gained much interest due to their attractive features, such as composition, tunable structure, and large surface area which make them potential materials for energy storage applications. This review focuses on the establishment of synthesis approaches of metal oxide nanosheets (MO nanosheets) and their advancements over time, as well as their applicability in several electrochemical energy storage systems, such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of different synthesis approaches of MO nanosheets, as well their suitability in several energy storage applications. Among recent improvements in energy storage systems, micro-supercapacitors, and several hybrid storage systems are rapidly emerging. MO nanosheets can be employed as electrode and catalyst material to improve the performance parameters of energy storage devices. Finally, this review outlines and discusses the prospects, future challenges, and further direction for research and applications of metal oxide nanosheets.