Although evidence of medical student mistreatment has accumulated for more than 20 years, only recently have professional organizations like the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the American Medical Association truly acknowledged it as an issue. Since 1991, the AAMC's annual Medical School Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) has included questions about mistreatment. Responses to the GQ have become the major source of evidence of the prevalence and types of mistreatment. This article reviews national mistreatment data, using responses to the GQ from 2000 through 2012; examines how students' experiences have changed over time; and highlights the implications of this information for the broader medical education system. The authors discuss what mistreatment is, including the changing definitions from the GQ; the prevalence, types, and sources of mistreatment; and evidence of students reporting incidents. In addition, they discuss next steps, including better defining mistreatment, specifically public humiliation and belittling, taking into account students' subjective evaluations; understanding and addressing the influence of institutional culture and what institutions can learn from current approaches at other institutions; and developing better systems to report and respond to reports of mistreatment. They conclude with a discussion of how mistreatment currently is conceptualized within the medical education system and the implications of that conceptualization for eradicating mistreatment in the future.

Section A: The nature, duration and purpose of study.Your child is invited to participate in a single follow-up visit between the age of six years, four months and seven years, two months of age (school age) for children who were enrolled in the SUPPORT MRI study. As you may recall, that study did an extra brain ultrasound at the time that your child's near-term brain MRI was done for routine care. The purpose was to compare the findings of early and near-term ultrasounds and near-term MRI to determine if one way of imaging gives more useful information than the other. The primary purpose of the study is to examine the children at school age and determine whether near-term MRI is better than ultrasound in predicting developmental outcome. The second purpose is to evaluate the weight, height, body measurements and blood pressure. During the clinic visit, the interviews for you as a parent will take about 1 ½ -2 hours and the time to evaluate your child will take about 3½ hours, including breaks. The interviews with you will be at the same time your child is being tested so the whole visit will last about 3½ hours.SUPPORT school age follow-up, funded by the National Institutes of Health, is being conducted at Women and Infants Hospital and 14 other medical centers across the country. About 500 children and their parents are expected to participate. Sixty-one children are eligible to participate at Women and Infants Hospital. Section B:The means by which it is conducted. The evaluation will include: For child:Weight and height will be measured using a standard scale, blood pressure will be obtained with the cuff method and the abdomen will be measured.A small measuring tool will be used to determine the thickness of the right arm, back and abdomen.A detailed neurological examination will be done to look at muscle strength, coordination, balance and ability to walk; a test of number skills and word identification will be conducted; a test of problem solving with words, blocks and pictures will be done; a test evaluating vision problem solving skills and ability to pay attention will be carried out. For parent:If your child cannot be evaluated by the last two tests, you will be asked to answer questions about the daily living activities of your child in the areas of self-care, mobility, communication, and understanding.In addition, you will be asked to complete questionnaires about your household and your child's overall health, education, and activities away from school.You will be asked questions about your child's medical history, including the recent vision and hearing tests.Section C. The possible benefit or lack of benefit to my child.All results of the tests will be shared with you and forwarded to you or your child's personal physician if requested. You will be reimbursed $25 for your time and your child will receive a small gift such as a book valued at ~ $5.00. Section D: The potential risks, and discomforts.There are no known risks to participating in the medical/neurological and developmental testing of ...

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