Different extracts of 1,000 ppm were prepared from the leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus using acetone, benzene, petroleum ether, diethyl ether and hexane as the solvents. The efficacy of each extract was assessed against dengue fever vector, Aedes aegypti by evaluating the variations in fecundity, fertility and behavioural response of the female adults. The leaf extracts could cause 70-100% repellency in the oviposition behaviour of the adults. The diethyl ether extract was found to be the most effective extract resulting in maximum effective repellency (99.7%) leading to the highest levels of reduced fecundity and 100% egg mortality followed by benzene extracts causing 93.8% reduced oviposition and 100% ovicidal effect. Hexane and acetone extracts with the least oviposition deterrence of 70-74% and negligible egg mortality (8-9%) proved to be the least effective extracts. The petroleum ether extract had a moderate impact resulting in 93.2% diminished fecundity and 41% ovicidal effect. The behavioural response of female adults of A. aegypti was evaluated by performing spatial repellency and contact irritancy assays. The most significant spatial repellency behaviour was elicited by acetone extracts leading to escape of 80% mosquitoes. Hexane and diethyl ether extracts could cause moderate response with 50-60% escape, while a slight and no reaction was observed on exposure to petroleum ether and benzene extracts, respectively. An interesting observation was the knocked-down activity caused by the hexane extracts with no recovery even after 24 h. A significant contact irritancy response was noticed in the mosquitoes on exposure to acetone leaf extracts resulting in first flight only after 4 s and a total of 12 flights during exposure. No irritancy behaviour was observed on exposure to diethyl ether and benzene leaf extracts. However, as against controls, a slight irritability response was noticed on exposure to hexane leaf extracts resulting in relative irritability of 1.2. Our results suggest the selective efficiency of Parthenium leaf extracts against A. aegypti, as the most effective oviposition deterrent and ovicidal agent was least effective as irritant extract and vice-versa. Further detailed research is needed to identify the active ingredient in the extracts and implement the effective mosquito management programme.

No abstract

Aims and objectives: To measure the additional effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on functional outcome of anterior cruciate ligament tear managed by augmenting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with PRP.Methods: The present study was conducted on patients with ACL tear admitted in the department of orthopaedics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow wherein a total of 70 subjects were assigned into two groups of 35 patients each randomly, viz Group 1 in which the patients were treated by quadruple hamstring graft alone and Group 2 in which the patients were treated with augmented hamstring graft with PRP. The standardized anterior drawer test, Lachman's test, Lysholm knee score were quantified both preoperatively and postoperatively at different follow-ups and also tibial tunnel widening was measured postoperatively at different follow-ups.Result: The present study had 70 patients with ACL tears. The mean age of patients in non-PRP groups was 29.71 ±2.99 years while that in the PRP group was 28.34±4.32 years. On comparing the improvement in grades at pre-op, immediate postop, 6 weeks, and 3 months follow-ups, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The tibial tunnel widening also showed no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion: In our study, it was found that both the groups showed improvements in grades of anterior drawer test and Lachman's test postoperatively but the difference between both the groups was not significant. Similarly, while comparing the improvements in Lysholm knee score and tibial tunnel widening among both the groups, the difference was not significant. Follow up of 3 months was a limiting factor in our study. This technique needs further clinical evaluation to assess the long-term results.

This systematic review aims to comparatively evaluate the sealing ability gutta-percha and resilon as root canal filling materials. A Medline search was conducted to identify in-vitro studies published between October 01, 2004 and October 01, 2019, conducted on human extracted teeth, published in English and testing the sealing ability of gutta-percha and resilon as root canal filling materials using fluid filtration method. The search identified fifty-five published articles. After a thorough screening, five articles meeting the selection, and validity assessment criteria were critically appraised. The results indicated that during the initial time-period, resilon/ epiphany sealer has better sealing ability than gutta-percha. However, over a period of time the resilon system demonstrated increased fluid flow. Gutta-percha with AH plus sealer showed the best long term sealing ability.

Background: Pinus and other related conifers belonging to family pinaceae are most commonly used medicinal plants in Indian North-western Himalayas. Various parts of these plants including needles are source of several well known alkaloids. Of all the alkaloids, piperidine group is one of important component and hold considerable medicinal importance. Methods: The group of alkaloids was initially identified from genus Piper through which a large variety of piperidine molecules have been extracted. The planar structure of this heterocyclic nucleus enables acetamide groups to be added at various ring configurations. Results: In the area of drug research, the piperidine heterocycle has gained considerable interest. To produce a new therapeutic profile, the broad range of its therapeutic application paved the way for researchers to implant the nucleus from time to time in diversified pharmacophores. Discussion: However, biological functions of piperidine metabolites have been mostly examined on a limited scale and that most of the findings are thus preliminary. We have tried to present different clinical applications of piperidine alkaloids in this study that researchers have already attempted to demystify from time to time. Conclusion: Given the importance of the piperidine nucleus, the study will enable the researcher to produce scaffolds of the highest therapeutic efficacy. We have also illustrated different types of piperidine, its sources in different member of family pinaceae with special emphasis on Pinus.