Objectives:Studies have reported changes in leptin and adiponectin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and blood serum of obese patients with periodontal disease. The aim of the study is to evaluate serum leptin and adiponectin levels in obese and nonobese individuals with chronic periodontitis and to deduce a relationship between the clinical parameters and the inflammatory biochemical parameters.Materials and Methods:In this case–control study, a total of fifty individuals were selected based on the body mass index (BMI): Group I of obese individuals with chronic periodontitis and Group II of nonobese individuals with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters used in this study were plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. The effects of obesity and periodontal status on serum leptin and adiponectin levels of both groups were statistically analyzed using an independent t- test.Results:Statistical analysis showed that the effect of BMI on serum leptin and adiponectin levels was statistically significant (P < 0.01), and the effect of chronic periodontitis on the serum leptin and adiponectin levels was also statistically significant compared to nonobese individuals (P < 0.0001). However, there is no statistically significant correlation between serum leptin and adiponectin, which indicates that both are independent to each other.Conclusions:In obese individuals with chronic periodontitis, serum leptin levels were significantly high compared to nonobese individuals and serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese individuals compared to nonobese individuals with periodontitis, though both the parameters were independent of each other.

Context:Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral artery disease (PAD) and periodontal disease.Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between PAD and periodontal disease by examining the levels of inflammatory cytokines, pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein from serum.Materials and Methods:A total of 50 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups: those with PAD (test group) and those with the non-PAD group (control group) based on ankle–brachial index values. Periodontal examinations and biochemical analysis for PTX-3 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were performed to compare the two groups.Statistical Analysis Used:All the obtained data were sent for statistical analyses using SPSS version 18.Results:In the clinical parameters, there is statistically significant difference present between plaque index, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal inflammatory surface area with higher mean values in patients with PAD having periodontitis. There is statistical significant (P < 0.01) difference in all biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) considered in the study between PAD patients and non-PAD patients with higher mean values of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and PTX-3.Conclusion:PTX-3 and acute-phase cytokine such as hs-CRP can be regarded as one of the best indicators to show the association between the PAD and periodontitis followed by hs-CRP, TC, very LDL (VLDL), and LDL. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a poor indicator for its association with chronic periodontitis and PAD.

Context:Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial origin. Locally delivered antimicrobials reduce subgingival flora. Achyranthes aspera gel has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulant effects.Aims:To evaluate the efficacy of local drug delivery of A. aspera gel in the management of chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods:Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis were considered in the study and categorized into two equal groups (Group A: scaling and root planing (SRP) with A. aspera gel, Group B: SRP with placebo gel). Patients were enlisted from the Department of Periodontics, Mamata Dental College and Hospital. The clinical parameters (gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded at baseline and 3 months.Statistical Analysis Used:All the obtained data were sent for statistical analyses using SPSS version 18.Results:The periodontitis and the Achyranthes were statistically analyzed. A comparison of clinical parameters for test group and control group from baseline to 3 months was done using paired t-test. Intergroup comparison for both the groups was done using independent sample t-test.Conclusions:A. aspera gel when delivered locally along with SRP showed a beneficial effect. A. aspera gel as a non-surgical local drug delivery system proved to be without any side effects in the management of periodontitis. A. aspera gel has strong anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its antioxidant activity.

There is a need for interdisciplinary approach for the prevention of PLBW cases by the integration of periodontal care into obstetric management. Effort should be made to increase awareness among the gynecologists.