Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common major growing challenge to elderly populations. Several aging factors, including comorbidities, nutritional status and digestive dysfunctions have been associated with increasing CAP among older persons. Furthermore, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most predominant pathogen in geriatrics, although multiple drug resistance (MDR) species regularly occur, particularly in severe pneumonia. Broad-spectrum antibiotics or a combination of β-lactam and fluorokuinolones, or β-lactams and macrolides serve as a promising therapy mainly in critical CAP patients. This study describes two geriatric CAP cases representing two separate treatments with widely varied results. The combination of cefoperazone sulbactam-azithromycin did not generate suitable clinical response until 7 days. As a consequence, the macrolides were replaced with amikacin and continued for 3 days. Meanwhile, the cefoperazone sulbactam-levofloxacin samples significantly improved the clinical conditions under 9 days. The selection of antibiotics with sufficient lung penetration is important in providing the effective therapy. Conversely, azithromycin resistance potentially instigates ineffectiveness, but is also recommended due to its pleiotropic effects. The benefit of this case study shows that CAP treatment among older population requires a blend of antibiotics with either a fluorokuinolone or an aminoglycoside. In both instances, azitromisin is believed to demonstrate high resistance, therefore, it is incapable in functioning as a second antibiotic component.
Gentamisin merupakan antibiotik pada terapi empiris khususnya infeksi bakteri gram negatif. Gentamisin memiliki indeks terapi sempit serta bersifat nefrotoksik. Pencegahan nefrotoksisitas dan peningkatan efektivitas terapi gentamisin dapat dilakukan dengan penyesuaikan regimen dosis berdasarkan nilai klirens kreatinin pasien. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi rasionalitas dosis gentamisin serta mengetahui hubungan rasionalitas dosis dengan efektivitas terapi gentamisin dan efek peningkatan serum kreatinin.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dilakukan di RSUP Kariadi Semarang. Sejumlah 129 rekam medis pasien rawat inap tahun 2018- 2019 dipilih menggunakan tehnik purpusive sampling. Kriteria inklusi meliputi usia pasien 18 tahun ke atas, menggunakan gentamisin injeksi minimal 3 hari, terdapat data serum kreatinin minimal sebanyak dua kali (sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan injeksi gentamisin). Efektivitas terapi terbagi menjadi membaik dan tidak membaik berdasarkan rekam medis pasien. Peningkatan serum kreatinin ditunjukkan dengan kenaikan sebesar 0,5 mg/dl atau lebih. Statistik bivariat Fisher exact test digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kedua variabel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis rasional terdapat pada 19 (14,73% ) pasien dimana 15 (11,63%) pasien memberikan hasil terapi membaik dan terjadi peningkatan sCr lebih dari 0,5 mg/dl pada 5 (3,88 %) pasien. Sedangkan dosis tidak rasional terdapat pada 110 (85,27%) pasien dimana 52 (40,31%) pasien memberikan hasil terapi membaik dan 31 (24,03%) pasien terjadi peningkatan sCr. Rasionalitas regimen dosis memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan efektitivitas terapi (p<0,05) namun tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan serum kreatinin (p>0,05). Peran farmasis diperlukan dalam monitoring terapi pasien sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan optimasi terapi dan menurunkan efek samping.
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