To study "the effect of drought stress on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cv. Bombino" an experiment was conducted at Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Agricultural University Peshawar. Tomato plants were grown in green house under two different conditions of water availability i.e.-controlled and drought. The parameters studied were relative water content (%), proline content (µmoles) and relative growth rate (weekˉ1). Drought stress has significant effect on all parameters studied. The relative water content of plant body decline during drought due to less water availability. In controlled environment, the mean value of relative water content was 89.28 while that observed in drought condition was 87.73. Proline was observed on rise due to continuous decrease in water quantity in cell sap. The value of proline content is 4.4 µmoles gˉ1 fresh weight in controlled condition whereas that the plants in drought condition had 5.8 µmoles gˉ1 fresh weight. Due to less water, photosynthesis was negatively affected which resulted in less energy production and finally low growth. In controlled condition the relative growth rate weekˉ1 on fresh weight was 1.37 gm whereas that of plant in drought condition was 0.57 gm.

No abstract

W heat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food and is a leading cereal crop for the entire population and belongs to family Poaceae. Flour of wheat is used for piecrust, bread, biscuit and the vegetative plant parts make valuable livestock feed. During 2014-15, wheat was grown on 9205.5 thousand hectares area and its production was 25.09 million tons in Pakistan (MNFSR, 2014-15). In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, the area of wheat sown was 732.6 thousand hectare and its production was 1.260 million tons Abstract | Nitrogen application has a significant impact on wheat crop phenology and crop stand. To optimize nitrogen sources i.e. urea, farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) for improving wheat phenology and crop stand, an experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station Perdal Khel, Bannu (South part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) during 2016-17. The soil of the experimental area was Loamy sand with Haplic yermosols soil series based on FAO classification. The experiment comprised of three tillage practices i.e. Shallow tillage (ST), Conventional tillage (CT) and Deep tillage (DT) and eight nitrogen treatments (Control, 100% Urea, 100% FYM, 100% PM, 50% Urea/FYM, 50% Urea/PM, 50% FYM/PM and 33.33% each PM/FYM/Urea). These ratios provided a total of 120 kg N ha -1 . The wheat cv. Pakhtunkhwa-2015 was sown with seed of 120 kg ha -1 . The CT resulted in early phenology (days to emergence (11.5 days), booting (105 days), anthesis (116 days), and physiological maturity (155 days) whereas, DT delayed the phenological events. Among nitrogen ratios sole use of urea had delayed booting (108.1 days), anthesis (122.9 days) and physiological maturity (162.5 days) stages, whereas different ratios of Urea, FYM and PM resulted in early phenological observations. The use of urea, FYM and PM (33.33% each) had produced more tillers m -2 (288 tiller m -2 ) as compared to sole source or control plots. Conclusively, CT performed better than DT for wheat crop phenology and crop stand. Similarly, Urea, FYM and PM applied in equal ratio improved crop stand whereas sole urea delayed phenology of wheat crop. Thus, it is recommended that 120 kg N ha -1 supplied as 33.3% from urea, FYM and PM combined with CT practice is more favorable production technology to improve crop stand of wheat.

No abstract