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The manufacturing sector is the backbone for the development of an economy. Numerous studies investigate the impact of aggregative energy consumption on environmental degradation by using typical econometric techniques. To correct this gap our study uses energy consumption and environmental degradation only in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan for the period 1985 to 2018. Our study also demonstrates the symmetric and asymmetric behaviour of energy consumption with carbon emissions by using a recently developed methodology byShin et al. (2014).The linearARDL result shows energy consumption and financial development intensifies environmental degradation. While FDI and globalization mitigate environmental sustainability also the results validate pollution halo hypotheses in Pakistan. However, nonlinear ARDL results confirm theasymmetric behaviour of energy consumption with co2 emission. This study employs implications for policymakers in Pakistan to consider asymmetric behavior of energy consumption as well as the installation of renewable energy sources and technological improvements in the industrial sector need to mitigate environmental sustainability. Further, there is a need to enhance globalization and FDI for Pakistan to achieve its environmental targets.

Global health, as well as worldwide development regimes, was seriously threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic and Delta variant outbreaks. In addition to pledging to adapt to and mitigate climate change, experts, economists, and policymakers expressed their determination to do so. Green growth and sustainable development have become the focus of policymakers and governments. The progress toward green economic efficiency (GEE), which will benefit the economy, society, and environment, continues. In terms of green growth and development, implementing environmental regulations and policies has been one of the most challenging aspects of the process. China, the world's second-largest economy, has begun its journey to GEE. Nonetheless, the green economy faces many challenges. The objective of the study is to use AHP analysis to analyze environmental regulation and GEE in China. Accordingly, the study identified three alternative approaches to achieve GEE by analyzing four criteria and ten sub-criteria in the context of environmental regulations in China. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to rank criteria, sub-criteria, and alternative approaches. According to the model, China's best path to GEE is through resource efficiency and green purchasing strategies. This article offers an insightful assessment of sustainable development in the Chinese economy.

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