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The paper presents basic geoelectric models given the seismoelectric effect for application in pro-cessing algorithms of the geodynamic information. They can improve the reliability of the estimation under the control of geodynamic processes and phenomena taking place in the surface layers of the geological environment. The models under the effect of longitudinal and transverse modes of seis-mic waves on a small particle of the environment are considered. A one-dimensional model of the environment under the joint effect of the longitudinal and transverse modes of seismic waves is pre-sented. The mathematical modeling of two media under the effect of longitudinal elastic defor-mation is given. The dependences of the relative change in the transfer coefficient for two media on the electrical parameters of contrast media both resistivity and dielectric constants are discussed. Based on the results of mathematical modeling, the application of seismoelectric effect in geody-namic control systems proves to be highly efficient.

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In this paper, methods of the implementing filtering are considered for recording of irregular disturbances of the geomagnetic field. The solution of problems of the processing of signals is considered for the system of the geodynamic control. They are based on the detection of the informative area of the registration in real time and the localization of the spatial location of the source of geomagnetic disturbances on the base of the regression analysis. It is noted that methods of simultaneous formation of borders of the bands of HPF and LPF necessary to use with the technical implementation of multi-band filtering. It allows to obtain the absolutely exact conjugation of frequency borders of neighboring subbands of filter, and also to reduce the number of tunable passive elements. Determined that in the technical implementation of the approach, obtaining an arbitrary phase-frequency characteristic that is not related to the amplitude-frequency response, and ensuring the stability of a multi-band filter of high order is important. Application of the regression analysis for selection and an assessment of parameters of distribution of geomagnetic pulsations at magnetotelluric sounding give the chance to consider features of use in system of monitoring of multirange filters and algorithms of spectral timing analysis.

Currently, the load on railway tracks is increasing due to the increase in freight traffic. Accordingly, more and more serious requirements are being imposed on the reliability of the roadbed, which means that studies of methods for monitoring the integrity of the railway roadbed are relevant. The article provides a mathematical substantiation of the possibility of using seismoelectric and phasemetric methods of geoelectric control of the roadbed of railway tracks in order to identify defects and deformations at an early stage of their occurrence. The methods of laboratory modeling of the natural–technical system “railway track” are considered in order to assess the prospects of using the presented methods. The results of laboratory studies are presented, which have shown their high efficiency in registering a weak useful electrical signal caused by seismoacoustic effects against the background of high-level external industrial and natural interference. In the course of laboratory modeling, it was found that on the amplitude spectra of the output electrical signals of the investigated geological medium in the presence of an elastic harmonic action with a frequency of 70 Hz, the frequency of a harmonic electrical signal with a frequency of 40 Hz is observed. In laboratory modeling, phase images were obtained for the receiving line when simulating the process of sinking the soil base of the railway bed, confirming the presence of a transient process that causes a shift in the initial phase of the signal Δφ = 40° by ~45° (Δφ’ = 85°), which allows detection of the initial stage of failure formation.