The use of biomass as fuel might solve several technological and environmental issues and overcome certain challenges of sinter production. In particular, as revealed by comprehensive analyses, biomass can be used as fuel for iron ore sintering. In this study, we investigate the use of some raw and pyrolysis-processed biomass pellet types, namely wood, sunflower husks (SFH), and straw, for iron ore sintering. In the experiments, the pyrolysis temperature was set to 673, 873, 1073, and 1273 K, and the proportion of biomass in the fuel composition was set to 25%. It was established that the addition of biofuels to the sintering blend leads to an increase in the gas permeability of the sintered layer. The analysis of the complex characteristics of the sintering process and the sinter strength showed the high potential of wood and sunflower husk pellets pyrolyzed at 1073 and 873 K, respectively, for iron ore sintering. The analysis of the macrostructure of the sinter samples obtained using biomaterials revealed that with higher pyrolysis temperatures; the materials tend to have greater sizes and higher amounts of pores and cracks. The composition analyses of the resultant sinters revealed that with higher temperature, the FeO content of the sinters tends to increase.
Purpose. The work aims to study the effect of cellulose on the caking properties of various types of coking coal used in coking blends. The change in caking abilities has been analyzed to achieve the aim using standard techniques. At the same time, the effect of biomass additives on the plastic properties of coal has been analyzed comprehensively; the optimal amount of additive for practical purposes has been determined. Methods. Multiple coal characteristics in the plastic stage have been studied using a dilatometric method, the enhanced swelling pressure method, the plastometric method, and the Roga index test. The first three methods make it possible to characterize the caking properties of coal; and the Roga index test characterizes its coking ability. Findings. It has been identified that the optimal amount of biomass additive to study the effect on the properties of coal in the plastic state is more than 5 wt. %. In the paper, experimental dependences of the 5 wt. % cellulose addition influence on the caking properties of four coal grades have been obtained. The results showed a slight decrease in caking properties in terms of swelling, swelling pressure, thickness of the plastic layer, and caking ability. Simultaneously, the most sensitive methods for assessing the effect of cellulose addition on the coal plastic properties are the dilatometric method as well as the enhanced method for the swelling pressure determination. Originality. A comprehensive study of the effect of pure cellulose as a component of lignocellulose biomass on the properties of different coal grades in the plastic state (i.e. caking prperteis) has been carried out. A slight change in the coal properties in the plastic state with adding 5 wt. % cellulose, decreasing caking properties, has been shown. An important, not previously reported, conclusion is that the cellulose additive does not have any noticeable effect on the physical properties of the coal charge owing to its loose structure. Practical implications. A slight change in the caking properties of coal has been established with the addition of 5 wt. % which is of practical importance for the preparation of coal blends, and the coke production in the cases of using additives of lignocellulosic biomass without losing its quality. Additionally, renewable additive use while obtaining fuels and reducing agents is an approach to mitigate the negative environmental impact.
This paper reveals that obtaining high-quality sinter, improved or stabilized by its size and strength, is a challenge to be solved by embracing both the formation of sinter with the strong structure and the optimal mineralogical composition of its bonds during the preparation of the sintering blend. The existing technological schemes of iron ore sintering do not allow producing the sinter where the amounts of fines with 0-0.5 mm of fraction would be less than the typical amounts of 8.1-20.4%. Therefore, the study to establish how the blend preparation with the preliminary made composites affects the parameters of iron ore sintering process and the quality of the resulting sinter has been carried out. It has determined that the use of separate pre-granulation has commonly positive effects on the process of blend preparation, namely it significantly decreases the amount of non-granulated fraction of 0-1 mm and increases the equivalent diameter of the granules, reduces the standard deviation and variation coefficient, indicating the more homogeneous granulometric composition of raw granules.
У статті досліджували різні способи спільного, а також роздільного грудкування компонентів шихти. Задачею є розробка, теоретичне та експериментальне обґрунтування способу грудкування агломераційної шихти, який дозволить формувати гранули заданого гранулометричного та мінералогічного складу, створивши умови для отримання в процесі спікання агломерату блочної структури високої міцності. Проведено дослідження ефективності роздільного грудкування шихти з використанням композитів заданого складу з метою формування міцного агломерату блочної структури заданого хімічного та гранулометричного складу.Запропоновано спосіб роздільного грудкування з використанням композиту з концентрату, залізної руди крупністю 0-3 мм, вапна та вапняку, основність якого складатиме 0,9-1,0 од. Технологія передбачає дозування, змішування та грудкування даного композиту, при цьому залишкова шихта, основністю 1,6-1,8 од., дозується та змішується паралельно. Після цього відбувається спільна грануляція композитів в барабані-грануляторі. Паливо, крупністю 0-7 мм подається наприкінці грануляції. Виробництво агломерату запропонованим способом дозволяє збільшити вихід придатного агломерату на 10,29 %, і фракції +5 мм на 11,5% після випробування на міцність. Ця технологія призвела до зменшення кількості фракції 0-1 мм та збільшення еквівалентного діаметра гранул; зменшення середньо-квадратичного відхилення та коефіцієнту варіації. Найкраща якість агломерату була забезпечена при використанні композиту з «концентрату – руди – вапна – вапняку», основність якого складала 0,9-1,0 одиниць. Запропонована технологія передбачає дозування, змішування та грудкування даного композиту. Залишкова шихта, основністю 1,6-1,8 од., дозується та змішується паралельно. Після цього відбувається спільна грануляція композитів в барабані-грануляторі. Паливо, крупністю 0-7 мм подається наприкінці грануляції.
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