The effect of labels on non-linguistic representations is the focus of substantial theoretical debate in the developmental literature. A recent empirical study demonstrated that tenmonth-old infants respond differently to objects for which they know a label relative to unlabeled objects. One account of these results is that infants' label representations are incorporated into their object representations, such that when the object is seen without its label, a novelty response is elicited. These data are compatible with two recent theories of integrated labelobject representations, one of which assumes labels are features of object representations, and one which assumes labels are represented separately, but become closely associated across learning. Here, we implement both of these accounts in an autoencoder neurocomputational model. Simulation data support an account in which labels are features of objects, with the same representational status as the objects' visual and haptic characteristics. Then, we use our model to make predictions about the effect of labels on infants' broader category representations. Overall, we show that the generally accepted link between internal representations and looking times may be more complex than previously thought.

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